Cells and Cellular Processes (Bio 1115 and Lab) with Biernacka

xylem

a type of vascular tissue with thick walls (X), transports H2O and inorganic materials up

pholbem

a type of vascular tissue with thin walls, transports H2O and organic matter in both directions unlike xylem

autotrophs

use photosynthesis for energy, need light, water

heterotrophs

cant produce own energy (humans etcz)

photosynthesis

happens in chloroplasts bc they have chlorophyll

cellular respiration

happens in the mitochondria, produces atp from glucose to make bio avaiable energy

properties of life

1. order

2. reproduction

3. response to the environment

4. growth and development

5. energy processing

6. adaptation to environment

7. requirement of water

levels of organization

chemical and cellular and ecological

chemical level of organization

atoms→molecules→macromolecules

• carbohydrates, lipids, protiens, nucleic acid

cellular level

consists of organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms

organelles

nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, etc

types of tissue

epithelial, muscular, connective, nervous

tissue

a group of cells of similar function and structure - lab histology

epithelial tissue

covers, lines, and protects. usualy sits on membrane with tightly attatched cells (no gaps)

muscular tissue

skeletal, smooth (contracts), cardiac (wall of heart)

connective tissue

a) proper: soft and mushy

b) specialized: provides structural support (cartilage and bone), strong but flexible

nervous tissue

brain, spinal cord

organs

make up systems stomach is digestive

2 types of cells

eurkaryotic and prokaryotic

similarities between eurkaryotic and prokaryotic

both have ribosomes and dna

eurkaryotic

membrane enclosed organelles

prokaryotic

no nucleus, golgi, endoplasm, reticulum, is smaller. (no membrane elcosed organelles)

similarities between all cells

use dna as genetic info, divide

ecological level of organization

consists of organism, population, community, ecosystems

population

: group of same species

community

ecosystem

all prior terms, contains living and abiotic organisms

3 domains

bacteria, archaea, eukarya

which domains are prokaryotes

bacteria and archea

which domains are eukaryotes

eukarya

bacteria

live in everyday conditions nd cause disease

archea

live in harsh condiitons

eukaryas 3 kindgoms

animals, plantae, fungi

eukaryas 1 group

protists, usually aquatic

domain → species

dear king phillip came over for good sphagetti

dear king phillip came over for good sphagetti

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

continuity

heritable information

example of unity in diversity of life

cilia in paramecium and in human trachea and fallopian tubes

cilia

transports, moves mucus and debris, moves cells

charles darwin boat

beagle

darwins main points

adaptation, natural selection, evidence of descent from natural

qualitative data

descriptions rather than measurements

Quantitative data

recorded measurements, which are sometimes organized into tables and
graphs

Inductive reasoning

draws conclusions through the logical process of induction

generalizations are drawn from a large number of observations

then… if

Deductive reasoning (Hypothesis-based
science)
Deductive reasoning

proposing and testing of a testable and falsifiable hypothesis, if…. then logic

trace elements

found less than 0.01% of mass in the human body, essential for life still

examples of trace elements

fluorine (teeth and bone health), iodine (health of thyroid gland), iron (in hemoglobin to help it carry oxygen and nutrients throughout body)

isotope

atom of same element with different number of neutrons

atomic #

protons in nucleus

mass #

sum of protons and neutrons

atomic mass

total mall

radioactive isotopes, c14 in carbon

unstable nucleus has tendancy to break randomly, and releases radioactive energy when it does

qualitative data

description instead of measurement

quantitative data

measurements sometimes in tables

hypothesis process

observation → question → hypothesis → test

covalent bond

sharing valence e

ionic bond

transferring valence e

hydrogen bonds

between 2 polar molecules, weak