HBS Tissues Test

Tissues

Groups of cells with similar structure and function

Epithelial Tissue

Type of body tissue that covers and lines body surfaces. Forms mucous, serous, and epidermal membranes. Also forms hormones, and can absorb and/or secrete substances.

Number of cell layers and shape of cells

Classification of epithelia

Simple squamous epithelium

Single layer of flat cells. Lines air sacs of the lungs, forms walls of capillaries and serous membranes (serosae) that line and cover organs in the ventral cavity. Functions in diffusion, filtration, or secretion.

simple cuboidal epithelium

Single layer of cubelike cells. Found in common glands and their ducts, forms walls of kidney tubules, and covers the surface of ovaries. Functions in secretion and absorption

Simple columnar epithelium

Single layer of tall cells. Found in the lining of the digestive tract. Mucous membranes (mucosae) line body cavities opening to the exterior. Functions in secretion and absorption.

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Single layer, but some cells are shorter than others giving a false (pseudo) impression of stratification. Found in respiratory tract, functions in absorption or secretion.

Stratified squamous epithelium

Most common stratified epithelium, named for cells present at the free (apical) surface. Functions as a protective covering where friction is common. Found in the lining of the skin, mouth, and esophagus.

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Two layers of cuboidal cells; functions in protection.

Stratified columnar epithelium

Surface cells are columnar, and cells underneath vary in size and shape; functions in protection

Stratified cuboidal and columnar epithelium

Rare in human body. Found mainly in ducts of large glands.

Connective tissue

Found everywhere in the body to connect body parts. Includes the most abundant and widely distributed tissues. Functions: Binds body tissues together, supports the body, provides protection. Has large amounts of nonliving matrix.

Bone (osseous tissue)

Connective tissue with the matrix hardened by calcium phosphate and other minerals. Functions to protect and support the body.

Cartilage

Strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bone. Chondrocyte is the major cell type.

Hyaline cartilage

Most widespread type of cartilage; it is found on the ends of long bones, ribs, trachea, and is the entire fetal system prior to birth. It is easily seen, having a glossy bright white appearance and is heavily invaded with fibers.

Elastic cartilage

Provides elasticity, supports the external ear

Fibrocartilage

Highly compressible, forms cushion-like discs between vertebrae

Dense fibrous connective tissue

Found in tendons (muscle to bone), ligaments (bone to bone), and dermis. Provides great strength through parallel bundles of collagenic fibers.

Loose connective tissue

Softer and have more cells and fewer fibers than any other connective tissue type (except blood)

Areolar connective tissue

Type of loose connective tissue that is the most widely distributed connective tissue. Soft, pliable tissue like "cobwebs." Functions as a packing tissue and "glue" to hold organs in place. Composes the basement membrane and includes a gel-like matrix with all categories of fibers and many cell types. Can soak up excess fluid (edema). (air)

Adipose connective tissue

Type of loose connective tissue, fat cells dominate. Insulates the body, protects some organs, and serves as a site of fuel storage.

Reticular connective tissue

Delicate network of interwoven fibers. Forms stroma (internal supporting network) of lymphoid organs - lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow.

Blood (vascular tissue)

Blood cells surrounded by fluid matrix called blood plasma, Fibers are visible during clotting, Functions as the transport vehicle for materials.

Muscle tissue

Function is to contract, or shorten, to produce movement. Allows you to smile, grasp, swim, ski, and shoot an arrow.

Skeletal muscle tissue

Packaged by connective tissue sheets into skeletal muscles, which are attached to the skeleton and pull on bones or skin. Voluntarily controlled (sometimes involuntary), has striations (banded appearance), multinucleate, long cylindrical shape, produces gross body movements or facial expressions.

Cardiac muscle tissue

Involuntary controlled, found only in the heart, pumps blood through blood vessels, has striations, single nucleus per cell, cylindrical cells with branching ends, displays intercalated discs, tissue of the circulatory pump.

Smooth (visceral) muscle tissue

Involuntarily controlled, found in walls of hollow organs such as stomach, uterus, and blood vessels

Peristalsis, a wavelike activity, is a typical activity, no visible striations, one nucleus per cell, spindle-shaped cells, changes the internal volume of an organ as it contracts.

Nervous tissue

Function is to receive and conduct electrochemical impulses to and from body parts. (irritability and conductivity), composed of neurons and nerve support cells that insulate, protect, and support neurons. Is the basis of the major controlling system of the body, forms the brain and spinal cord.

Regeneration

Replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells

Fibrosis

Repair by dense fibrous connective tissue (scar tissue)

Type of tissue damaged and severity of the injury

Whether regeneration or fibrosis occurs depends on...

Events of tissue repair

1. Inflammation

-A clot walls off the injured area

2. Granulation tissue forms (growth of new blood vessels)

3. Regeneration and fibrosis effect permanent repair

-Scab detaches

-Whether scar is visible or invisible depends on

severity of the wound

Epithelial tissue (skin and mucous membranes)

Fibrous connective tissues and bone

Tissues that regenerate easily

Skeletal muscle tissue

Tissues that regenerate poorly

Cardiac muscle

Nervous tissue within the brain and spinal cord

Tissues that are replaced largely with scar tissue