chapter 3: integumentary system

dermatology

diagnosis and treatment of diseases involving skin and relationship of skin lesions to systemic diseases

integumentary system

skin and accessory organs (hair, nails, sebaceous glands, sweat glands)

functions include: protects from injury, infection, uv rays, toxic compounds, and maintains homeostasis, contains sensory receptors, secretes substances, synthesized vit D

structure of the skin

epidermis (stratum corneum and basal layer), dermis/corneum (subcutaneous tissue), and accessory organs

adip/o, lip/o, steat/o

fat

cutane/o, dermat/o, derm/o

skin

hidr/o, sudor/o

sweat

aden/o

gland

ichth/y

dry, scaly

kerat/o

horny tissue, hard, cornea

melan/o

black

myc/o

fungus

onych/o

nail

pil/o, trich/o

hair

sarc/o

flesh, connective tissue

scler/o

hardening, sclera

seb/o

sebum, sebaceous

squam/o

scale

xer/o

dry

albin/o

white

cyan/o

blue

erythr/o

red

leuk/o

white

melan/o

black

xanth/o

yellow

-derma

skin

-oid

resembling

-phoresis

carrying, transmission

-plasty

surgical repair

-therapy

treatment

albinism

absence of pigment in skin, eyes, and hair due to an abnormality in the production of melanin

what are sudoriferous glands?

sweat glands

what are sebaceous glands?

oil glands

carcinoma

cancer in skin cells or in the tissue lining organs

Basal cell carcinoma

affecting deepest layer of epidermis

Squamous cell carcinoma

affecting squamous cells/top layer of epidermis

kaposi sarcoma

skin tumor associated with AIDS

dermatome

instrument used to incise or cut, often used for thin slices of skin for grafts

abrasion

scraping or rubbing away of surface by friction

abscess

localized collection of pus at the site of infection

a furuncle/boil

is at one hair follicle

carbuncle

a cluster of furuncles

acne

inflammatory disease of sebaceous follicles of skin with comedos, papules, and pustules

alopecia

absence or loss of hair

comedo

discolored dried sebum plugging an excretory duct of the skin; blackhead

pustule

whitehead

cyst

closed sac under the skin with a wall that contains fluid/semifluid/solid

eczema

redness of the skin caused by swelling of capillaries

hemorrhage

loss of a large amount of blood

contusion

skin is not broken, AKA a bruise

ecchymosis

discoloration over a large area, AKA a bruise

petechia

minute pinpoint spot

hematoma

elevated, localized collection of blood trapped under the skin, often from trauma

hirsutism

excessive growth of hair in unusual places

impetigo

bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture

psoriasis

an autoimmune disease characterized by itchy red patches covered by silvery scales

scabies

contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite

skin lesion

an area of pathologically altered tissue caused by disease, injury, or wound

primary

caused directly by the disease

secondary

evolves from primary or is caused by external forces

tinea

fungal infection, AKA ringworm

ulcer

lesion of skin or mucous membranes characterized by inflammation, necrosis, and sloughing of damaged tissue

pressure ulcer

caused by pressure such as a bedsore

urticaria

allergic reaction of the skin characterized by the eruption of pale red elevated itchy patches AKA hives/wheals

verruca

rounded epidermal growths caused by a virus, AKA warts

vitiligo

localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk-white patches, AKA leukoderma

biopsy (Bx)

removal of a small piece of living tissue for microscopic examination to confirm a diagnosis or follow the course of disease

skin test

method for determining allergy

cryosurgery

use of subfreezing temperatures to destroy abnormal tissue cells

débridement

removal of foreign material and damaged tissue to promote healing and prevent infection

excimer laser

aims a high intensity UVB light dose precisely to the affected area

fulguration

tissue destruction with high-frequency electric current, AKA electrodesiccation

incision and drainage

to release pus or pressure that is built up under the skin and remove its contents

Mohs surgery

layers of cancer-containing skin are progressively excised and examined until cancer-free

skin graft

transplantation of healthy tissue to an injured site

allograft/homograft

one person to another

autograft

one site to another in the same individual

synthetic

using artificial skin from collagen fibers

xenograft/heterograft

dermis transplant from a foreign donor (not a human)

skin resurfacing

repair of damaged skin using topical chemicals, abrasion, or laser (such as chemical peel, cutaneous laser, dermabrasion)

antibiotics

kill bacteria that cause skin infections

antifungals

kill fungi that cause skin infections

antipruritics

reduce severe itching

corticosteroids

anti-inflammatory agents