excretion

excretory products of lungs, kidneys and skin (organs of excretion)

lungs : carbon dioxide

skin : water

kidneys : water, urea

what is excretion

removal of metabolic waste

what does metabolism mean

chemical reactions

what is egestion

the removal of undigested food

bowman capsule use and structure

contains a bundle of capillaries called a glomerulus - filtration, small molecules pass out of blood into capsule

what is active transport

movement of substances across a membrane against the concentration gradient

how diffusion works in nephron

mineral ions back into blood, until concentrations are equal in nephron fluid + blood, remaining glucose is selectively reabsorbed back into blood

explain why selective reabsorption of glucose requires active transport

the concentration of glucose will be higher than in nephron fluid, so glucose must be moved against its concentration gradient.

where does selective reabsorption of glucose happen

first convoluted tube, so by the time the nephron reaches the collecting duct, all the glucose has been reabsorbed

use of loop of henle

water is reabsorbed from fluid into loop of henle, back to blood in capillary

what is osmoregulation

regulation of waters and salts in our bodies, if we have too much water they burst

what happens whens theres too much water in blood

, increased water in blood,less adh released, less water reabsorbed by kidney

two blood vessels that carry blood away from heart

aorta, pulmonary artrty vein

left vs right side of heart

left recieves oxygen rich blood

how does a vaccine work

weak pathogen injected into body, so memory cells remmebe and know how to fihht it next time