M4L3: Inflammation

studied byStudied by 3 people
0.0(0)
Get a hint
Hint

Inflammatory process

1 / 65

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.

66 Terms

1

Inflammatory process

The naturally occurring protective response of the body to a threat in terms of tissue damage

New cards
2

Inflammatory process

This process defends the body against harm, it aims to rid the body of damaged tissue and promotes the restoration of normal tissue.

New cards
3

Dolor

(Cardinal Signs of Inflammation)

Pain

New cards
4

Pain

(Cardinal Signs of Inflammation)

Occurs with the release of chemicals secondary to the damage of cells and tissue

New cards
5

Calor

(Cardinal Signs of Inflammation)

Heat and Warmth

New cards
6

Heat and Warmth

(Cardinal Signs of Inflammation)

Occur as the result of the vasodilation and the increased blood flow to the affected area

New cards
7

Rubor

(Cardinal Signs of Inflammation)

Redness

New cards
8

Redness

(Cardinal Signs of Inflammation)

Results from the vasodilation of blood vessels that occurs in response to the injury

New cards
9

Tumour

(Cardinal Signs of Inflammation)

Swelling

New cards
10

Swelling

(Cardinal Signs of Inflammation)

Occurs as the body's fluids enter the area of the injury and tissue damage

New cards
11

Dysfunction of the area

(Cardinal Signs of Inflammation)

Occurs as the result of the swelling and pain associated with the inflammatory process

New cards
12

Inflammatory Response

Major function of the natural immune system that is elicited in response to tissue injury or invading organisms.

New cards
13

Inflammatory Response

Facilitated by physical and chemical barriers that are part of the human organism.

New cards
14

Chemical mediators

(Inflammatory Response)

___ ___ assist this response by:
- Minimizing blood loss
- Walling off the invading organism
- Activating phagocytes
- Promoting the formation of fibrous scar tissue and regeneration of injured tissue

New cards
15

Inflammatory Response

It can be acute (lasting for a few days) or chronic (in response to an ongoing and unresolved insult)

New cards
16

Histamine

(Inflammatory Response)

Secreted by basophils and mast cells causes capillaries to become more permeable to white blood cells and other proteins, which proceed to target and attack foreign bodies in the affected tissue

New cards
17

Kinins

(Inflammatory Response)

Proteins in the blood that cause inflammation

New cards
18

Prostaglandins

(Inflammatory Response)

Hormones created during a chemical reaction at the site where an injury or other issue occurs.

New cards
19

Prostaglandins

(Inflammatory Response)

Play a key role in inflammation by contributing to the development of redness, swelling, heat, and pain

New cards
20

Vascular phase

Cellular phase

Phases of Acute Inflammation (2)

New cards
21

Vascular Phase

(Phases of Acute Inflammation)

Small blood vessels adjacent to the injury dilate (vasodilatation) and blood flow to the area increase

New cards
22

Endothelial cells

(Phases of Acute Inflammation: Vascular Phase)

___ ___ initially swell, then contract to increase the space between them, thereby increasing the permeability of the vascular barrier.

New cards
23

Exudation of fluid

(Phases of Acute Inflammation: Vascular Phase)

___ ___ ___ leads to a net loss of fluid from the vascular space into the interstitial space, resulting in edema (tumor)

New cards
24

Increased tissue fluid

(Phases of Acute Inflammation: Vascular Phase)

___ ___ ___ acts as a medium through which inflammatory proteins (such as complement and immunoglobulins) can migrate. It may also help to remove pathogens and cell debris in the area through lymphatic drainage

New cards
25

lymphatic drainage

(Phases of Acute Inflammation: Vascular Phase)

Increased tissue fluid acts as a medium through which inflammatory proteins (such as complement and immunoglobulins) can migrate. It may also help to remove pathogens and cell debris in the area through ___ ___

New cards
26

Cellular Phase

(Phases of Acute Inflammation)

Predominant cell of acute inflammation is the neutrophil which is attracted to the site of injury by the presence of chemotaxins, the mediators released into the blood immediately after the insult

New cards
27

neutrophil

(Phases of Acute Inflammation: Cellular Phase)
Predominant cell of acute inflammation is the ____ which is attracted to the site of injury by the presence of chemotaxins, the mediators released into the blood immediately after the insult

New cards
28

chemotaxins

(Phases of Acute Inflammation: Cellular Phase)

Predominant cell of acute inflammation is the neutrophil which is attracted to the site of injury by the presence of ___, the mediators released into the blood immediately after the insult

New cards
29

chemotaxins

(Phases of Acute Inflammation: Cellular Phase)

A substance released by bacteria, injured tissue, and white blood cells that stimulates the movement of neutrophils and other white blood cells to the injured area

New cards
30

- Margination
- Rolling
- Adhesion
- Emigration

(Phases of Acute Inflammation: Cellular Phase)

The migration of neutrophils occurs in four stages

New cards
31

Margination

(Phases of Acute Inflammation: Cellular Phase - Migration of neutrophils)

Cells line up against the endothelium

New cards
32

Rolling

(Phases of Acute Inflammation: Cellular Phase - Migration of neutrophils)

Close contact with and roll along the endothelium

New cards
33

Adhesion

(Phases of Acute Inflammation: Cellular Phase - Migration of neutrophils)

Connecting to the endothelial wall

New cards
34

Emigration

(Phases of Acute Inflammation: Cellular Phase - Migration of neutrophils)

Cells move through the vessel wall to the affected area

New cards
35

cascade of healing

(Healing Process)

When the skin is injured, our body sets into motion an automatic series of events, often referred to as the “___ ___ ___” in order to repair the injured tissues

New cards
36

Homeostasis/bleeding phase

Inflammation phase

Proliferative and granulation phase

Maturation/remodeling phase

(Healing Process)

Stages of wound healing (4)

New cards
37

The homeostasis/bleeding phase

(Healing Process: Stages of Wound Healing)

Is accompanied by vasoconstriction, thrombin formation, platelet formation, and the formation of a fibrin mesh for healing that begins the healing process

New cards
38

The homeostasis/bleeding phase

(Healing Process: Stages of Wound Healing)

The body activates its emergency repair system, the blood clotting system, and forms a dam to block the drainage

New cards
39

The inflammation phase

(Healing Process: Stages of Wound Healing)

Also referred to as the lag or exudate phase is accompanied by pain, swelling, edema, and the beginning of wound debris removal with phagocytosis to prevent infection

New cards
40

The proliferative and granulation phase

(Healing Process: Stages of Wound Healing)

Is accompanied with the fibroblastic production of granulation tissue and collagen

New cards
41

The maturation/remodeling phase

(Healing Process: Stages of Wound Healing)

Is characterized by the continued development and maturation of the fragile skin over the wound.

New cards
42

The maturation/remodeling phase

(Healing Process: Stages of Wound Healing)

This phase can last up to two years during which time the wound remains at risk and vulnerable for injury until full healing and good tensile strength is complete

New cards
43

Thermoregulation

(Healing Process: Nursing Management)

Monitor temperature as frequently as is appropriate to evaluate patient status.

New cards
44

Thermoregulation

(Healing Process: Nursing Management)

Monitor blood pressure, pulse, and respiration to determine responses to increased temperature.

New cards
45

antipyretic

(Healing Process: Nursing Management - Thermoregulation)

Administer ___ medication to lower temperature.

New cards
46

Thermoregulation

(Healing Process: Nursing Management)

Cover the patient with only a sheet to aid in lowering body temperature

New cards
47

hypothermia

(Healing Process: Nursing Management - Thermoregulation)

Monitor temperature closely to prevent treatment-induced ___, which will cause a rebound rise in temperature.

New cards
48

Fluid Balance

(Healing Process: Nursing Management)

Monitor fluid status including intake and output and insensible fluid loss (e.g., diaphoresis) to determine risk for or presence of fluid volume deficit.

New cards
49

fluid volume deficit

(Healing Process: Nursing Management - Fluid Balance)

Monitor fluid status including intake and output and insensible fluid loss (e.g., diaphoresis) to determine risk for or presence of ___ ___ ___.

New cards
50

oral fluid intake

(Healing Process: Nursing Management - Fluid Balance)

Encourage ___ ___ ___ to promote fluid balance.

New cards
51

fluid loss

(Healing Process: Nursing Management - Fluid Balance)

Monitor weight because ___ ___ is reflected in decreasing body weight.

New cards
52

IV infusion flow rate

(Healing Process: Nursing Management - Fluid Balance)

Maintain a steady ___ ___ ___ ___ to replace fluid lost as a result of fever and diaphoresis.

New cards
53

hypovolemia

(Healing Process: Nursing Management - Fluid Balance)

Monitor vital signs because increasing pulse and respirations and decreasing blood pressure can indicate ___

New cards
54

fluid deficit

(Healing Process: Nursing Management - Fluid Balance)

Observe for indications of dehydration (e.g., poor skin turgor, delayed capillary refill, weak or thready pulse, severe thirst, dry mucous membranes, decreased urine output, hypotension) to ensure early treatment of ___ ___

New cards
55

ambulation

(Healing Process: Nursing Management - Fluid Balance)

Assist the patient with ___ in case of postural hypotension, which results from hypovolemia

New cards
56

Tissue Integrity: Skin and Mucous Membrane

(Healing Process: Nursing Management)

Use an established risk assessment tool to monitor an individual’s risk factors (e.g., Braden scale) to reduce or eliminate factors that contribute to the development or progression of the pressure ulcer.

New cards
57

Tissue Integrity: Skin and Mucous Membrane

(Healing Process: Nursing Management)

Document any previous incidences of pressure ulcer formation to identify specific risks to the patient.

New cards
58

maceration

(Healing Process: Nursing Management - Tissue Integrity: Skin and Mucous Membrane)

Remove excessive moisture on the skin resulting from perspiration, wound drainage, and fecal or urinary incontinence to prevent ___.

New cards
59

massaging

(Healing Process: Nursing Management - Tissue Integrity: Skin and Mucous Membrane)

Avoid ___ over bony prominences to prevent further tissue damage

New cards
60

1 to 2

(Healing Process: Nursing Management - Tissue Integrity: Skin and Mucous Membrane)

Turn every ___ to ___ hours to avoid prolonged pressure in one area.

New cards
61

care

(Healing Process: Nursing Management - Tissue Integrity: Skin and Mucous Membrane)

Turn with ___ (e.g., avoid shearing) to prevent injury to fragile skin.

New cards
62

pillows

(Healing Process: Nursing Management - Tissue Integrity: Skin and Mucous Membrane)

Position with ___ to elevate pressure points off the bed.

New cards
63

pressure relief and increase circulation

(Healing Process: Nursing Management - Tissue Integrity: Skin and Mucous Membrane)

Use specialty beds and mattresses as needed to provide ___ ___ and ___ ___ to the site.

New cards
64

pressure

(Healing Process: Nursing Management - Tissue Integrity: Skin and Mucous Membrane)

Use devices on the bed (e.g., sheepskin) that protect the individual from ___

New cards
65

elbow and heel protectors

(Healing Process: Nursing Management - Tissue Integrity: Skin and Mucous Membrane)

Apply ___ and ___ ___ as appropriate to avoid pressure.

New cards
66

pressure ulcers

(Healing Process: Nursing Management - Tissue Integrity: Skin and Mucous Membrane)

Assist individual in maintaining a healthy weight as the risk for ___ ___ is increased in people who are obese or very thin.

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 6 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 27 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 119 people
... ago
4.7(3)
note Note
studied byStudied by 8 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 3 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 22 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 8 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 214 people
... ago
5.0(1)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (30)
studied byStudied by 2 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (22)
studied byStudied by 16 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (56)
studied byStudied by 3 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (63)
studied byStudied by 103 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (23)
studied byStudied by 8 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (20)
studied byStudied by 9 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (48)
studied byStudied by 10 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (77)
studied byStudied by 25 people
... ago
5.0(1)
robot