chem equilibrium

open system

energy, work exchanged with environment - no equilibrium

closed system

energy and work stays inside system, equilibrium

how to calculate equilibrium constant

k = [product conc. at equilibrium]/[reactant conc. at equilibrium]

what is reaction rate for reverable reactions at equilibrium

both v are equal

what does it mean if K is large

the amount of product is relatively large, reaction lies to the right

if k is small?

reactants relatively large, reaction lies to the left

what happens if you add reactants to equilibrium

equilibrium will restabilise through creation of more product

what happens if you add more product to an equilibrium?

equ. will restabilise through creation of more reactants

how to determine reaction direction

if you fx add a compound that will react with the product (and therefore remove it), the system will produce more of the product to restabilise itself, so the reaction direction is to the right. et vice versa

what happens if you dilute equilibrium solutiom

equilibrium will shift in direction that generates the greatest number of particles

how pressure affects equilibrium

lower pressure, lower conc.

higher pressure, high conc.

increase in P, equ. shifts in direction of smallest number of particles, vice versa

change in temp effect

adding heat, equ will favour endothermic reaction

removing heat, equ will favour exothermic reaction