Volcanic Eruptions and Landforms

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering the definitions of volcanic types, landforms, thermal features, and major volcanic zones according to the lecture transcript.

Volcano

A vent in the earth's crust from which fiery hot magma erupts from the earth's interior.

Active Volcanoes

Volcanoes that are presently in an active state and have erupted in the recent past, with approximately $500$ known examples including Mt. Stromboli and Mt. Etna.

Dormant Volcanoes

Often called 'sleeping volcanoes,' these have not erupted in the recent historical period but may become active at any time, such as Mt. Kilimanjaro.

Extinct Volcanoes

Volcanoes that have not erupted in the present geological period and are not likely to become active again, such as Mt. Aconcagua and Mt. Kenya.

Constructive Forces

Volcanic eruptions that create various landforms and features on the surface of the earth.

Extrusive Landforms

Landforms created on the earth's surface due to the cooling and solidification of lava.

Volcanic Plateaus

Landforms derived from lava flowing from volcanic eruptions, such as the Plateau of Peninsular India (western Deccan).

Volcanic Mountains

Mountains built from material ejected from the earth's crust, such as Mt. Fuji in Japan and Mauna Loa in Hawaii, which is $9\,km$ from the ocean floor.

Volcanic Plains

Smooth plains formed by extensive volcanic flooding from volcanic centres, like the Western Victorian Plains in Australia.

Caldera

A large depression formed at the summit of a volcano when the magma chamber can no longer support the cone, causing it to collapse.

Caldera Lake

A depression formed by volcanic collapse that eventually fills with water, such as Crater Lake in the USA.

Hot Springs

Also known as Thermal Springs, these occur when underground water is heated by magma and gushes to the surface, often rich in sulphur.

Geysers

A fountain of hot water and steam that escapes when underground water comes into contact with hot volcanic rocks, such as the 'Old Faithful' Geyser.

Geothermal Energy

Energy generated using the high level of heat found inside the earth in regions of volcanic activity.

Pacific Ring of Fire

The Circum Pacific Belt where over $80\%$ of the total number of active volcanoes in the world are concentrated.

Mid-world Mountain Belt

A volcanic zone containing Mt. Vesuvius, Mt. Etna, and the only active volcano in India located in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.