AP United States Government and Politics Summer Assignment Review

This set covers the core components of the AP United States Government and Politics summer assignment, including the 27 Amendments, government checks and balances, majority requirements for legislative and executive actions, and the definitions of various political ideologies.

AP United States Government and Politics

A college-level introduction to key political concepts, ideas, institutions, policies, interactions, roles, and behaviors characterizing the constitutional system and political culture of the United States.

1st Amendment

Free Speech/Press/Petition/ Free Exercise of Religion

2nd Amendment

Right to Bear Arms

3rd Amendment

No Quartering of Soldiers

4th Amendment

No Unreasonable Searches and Seizures

5th Amendment

Cannot be forced to incriminate yourself/ no double jeopardy/eminent domain

6th Amendment

Right to a lawyer/fair trial/speedy trial/right to confront witnesses against you

7th Amendment

Citizens have the right to a jury trial in federal non-criminal cases

8th Amendment

No cruel and unusual punishment/unreasonable bail

9th Amendment

Just because it is not mentioned in the Constitution does not mean we don't have that right

10th Amendment

All powers not given to the national government go to the states

11th Amendment

Citizens cannot sue a state in federal court without the state's permission.

12th Amendment

Separate electoral college ballots for President and Vice President

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery

14th Amendment

Reiterated citizenship for freed slaves/privileges and immunities clause/due process clause/equal protection clause

15th Amendment

All males could vote

16th Amendment

Congress can levy an income tax

17th Amendment

Senators now elected by the people of the state NOT legislatures

18th Amendment

Prohibition of alcohol

19th Amendment

Women's suffrage (women could now vote)

20th Amendment

Moved up the time national office holders take office/if something happens to Pres., VP takes over

21st Amendment

Repealed prohibition

22nd Amendment

Limited the president's terms to two $4$ year terms (max. of $10$ years)

23rd Amendment

Gave D.C. three electoral votes

24th Amendment

Abolished poll taxes

25th Amendment

Procedures for if the Pres becomes unfit for duty

26th Amendment

$18$ year olds can vote

27th Amendment

Congress cannot increase their pay in the same term

Bully pulpit

An executive branch check on the legislative branch involving appealing directly to the people.

Bureaucratic Discretion

The power given to agencies by Congress to implement laws using their expert judgement.

Bureaucratic Rulemaking

The process by which agencies create the regulations necessary to carry out the laws that Congress makes.

Veto Override Margin

A $\frac{3}{\text{?}}$ majority in the House of Representatives and $\frac{3}{4}$ majority in the Senate.

Treaty Ratification Margin

$\frac{1}{2}$ majority in the Senate.

Presidential Impeachment Margin

A simple majority (half plus one) in the House of Representatives.

Presidential Conviction Margin

$\frac{3}{4}$ majority in the Senate.

Presidential Nominating Confirmation Margin

A simple majority in the Senate for a seat on a federal court.

Presidential Election Margin

A simple majority of $270$ electoral votes.

Amendment Proposal Margin

$\frac{3}{4}$ majority in both houses of congress or if state legislatures request a convention.

Amendment Ratification Margin

$\frac{3}{4}$ of states.

Political Ideology

A collection of beliefs about morality, economics, efficiency, how society should function, and the proper role of government.

Party Platform

A compilation of the policy positions the party favors, which reflect its ideology.

Liberal Ideology

Belief system favoring government regulation of the economy, government spending on social services, and minimal regulation of moral/private issues.

Conservative Ideology

Belief system favoring minimal government role in the economy, limited funding of social goods, and government regulation of moral issues to uphold traditional beliefs.

Political culture

The broadly shared set of political values, beliefs, and norms held within a society.

Political socialization

The process by which individuals within a society acquire their political values and opinions via family, education, and media.

Libertarian Ideology

An ideology that opposes government regulation of both economic activity and personal choices, prioritizing individual liberty as the highest value.