Vcert Health and Fitness -Muscular System

What are the types of muscles ?

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

What is the function of the skeletal muscles ?

voluntary movement(lengthen),attach to bones via tendons

What is the function of the cardiac muscles ?

involuntary,contract the heart chambers to move blood around the body

What is the function of the smooth muscles ?

involuntary,aids digestion + distributes blood around the body + work with O2

What are all the muscles at the back of your body ?

Trapezius,Triceps,Latissmus dorsi,Gluteals Maximus,Hamstrings,Gastrocnemius,Soleus

What are all the muscles at the front of the body ?

Pectorals,Biceps,Abdominals,Obliques,Quadriceps,Tibialis Anterior

What is an agonist in antagonistic muscle action ?

the working muscle(the one contracting)

What is the antagonist in antagonistic muscle action ?

the relaxing muscle(the one which is relaxing)

Give some examples of antagonistic pairs:

Biceps - triceps

Trapezius - Pectorals

Abdominals- back muscles

Deltoids - latissimus dorsi.

Quadriceps - hamstrings.

Tibialis anterior - gastrocnemius.

What are isotonic contractions?

muscle changes in length so movement occurs:

- when the muscle lengthens - eccentric contraction

- when the muscle shortens - concentric contraction

What are isometric contractions?

when force is applied to a msucle but there is no change in movement(just muscle tension)

What are the types of muscle fibres ?

- Slow twitch (Type 1)

- Fast twitch (Type 2A) (Type 2B)

What are slow twitch muscles ?

Type 1, endurance runners, dense capillary network & lots of mitochondria to support aerobic respiration, allowing them to work for long durations without fatigue(red in colour)

What are fast twitch muscles ?

Type 2a - uses anaerobic respiration, repetition of explosive movements, good for activities requiring speed and endurance, like swimming or 400m.

Type 2b - uses anaerobic respiration, ideal for short bursts of power and speed, like sprinting or weightlifting.(both white and fatigue easily)

What are the effects on slow twitch ?

when training(low intensity and high reps),they become bigger,increased capillarisation and O2

What are the effects on fast twitch ?

when training(high intensity and low reps),they become stronger,contract more force and delays lactic acid