smart

Ag

Silver

Pd

Palladium

Zr

Zirconium

Cu

Copper

Fe

Iron

Cs

Cesium

Zn

Zinc

Rh

Rhodium

common name for group 2

alkaline earth metals

tin: metal, nonmetal or metalloid

metal

t/f: elements arranged by increasing atomic number

true

flourine: metal, nonmetal or metalloid

nonmetal

t/f: hydrogen = alkali metal

false

which subatomic particle has same mass as proton: electron OR neutron?

neutron

mass number for Zn isotope w 37 neutrons

67 = 30 + 37

not metalloid: antimony/gallium/silicon/germanium

gallium

arsenic: metal, nonmetal or metalloid

metalloid

argon: metal, nonmetal or metalloid

nonmetal

calcium: metal, nonmetal or metalloid

metal

indium: metal, nonmetal or metalloid

metal

I/O/H: crystals in boat are white

observation

I/O/H: lab smells like eggs, students are doing lab experiment

inference

I/O/H: left car lights on, i think battery will be dead tmrw

hypothesis

2 big conclusions on Rutherford’s gold foil influencing atomic structure 

1. atom volume = mostly empty space (most alpha particles pass directly thru foil)

2. atom has tiny, dense, +++ center = nucleus

charge of alpha particle beam in Rutherford’s gold foil experiment

positive

• bc alpha particles = helium nuclei, has 2P + 2N

• net charge = +2, needed for them to be repelled by ++ nucleus

expected difference in Rutherford’s gold foil experiment if beryllium foil used instead of gold

• if so, deflections of alpha particles = less frequent/severe

• bc Be nucleus has smaller ++charge/mass than gold, = weaker repulsive force

t/f: daltons statement “all atoms of given element are identical” is no longer accepeted bc of isotopes/ions

incorrect (js isotopes, not ions)

which are different for element isotopes:

mass #, atomic #, neutron #, atom mass

all but atomic #

which is true: 29Si/3oP have same neutrons, 40Ar/30Ar are isotopes, atoms of diff elements never have same mass

a + b

Ga: atomic #, mass #, protons #, neutrons #, electrons #

31A#, 70M, 31P, 39N, 31E

P/N/E in Nb-93

41P, 52N, 41E

t/f: # of P/N always same in neutral atom

false

isotope pair representer

left bottom (atomic #)

lanthanide element

Cerium Ce

which is transition metal: Zr, In, Ba, Br

Zr

Silver/Iron symbol

Ag/Fe

which have chemical behavior similar to antimony: Sn, Te, P

P

why did Rutherford do gold foil experiment in a vacuum

• to stop the air from interfering w alpha particles

• ensured they traveled straight lines + only interacted w gold foil = accurate results

define electronegativity

atom's ability to attract electrons in chemical bond

predict electronegativity for P: Al 1.5, Si 1.8, S 2.5, Cl 3

2.2 = Si+S/2

P element

Phosphorus

2 characteristics of scientific model

simple + testable

Bromine hyphen notation w 79 mass

Br - 79

Bromine ZAX notation w 79 mass

79/35 Br

which compound cannot show law of multiple proportions

Na2S + NaF

mass # =

P + N

how many valence electrons in Nitrogen

5

E/C/M/PS: air

mixture

E/C/M/PS: gas H2O

C + PS

E/C/M/PS: Zinc metal

E + PS

E/C/M/PS: sand+iron

mixture