Prelims

Computing

• any activity that utilizes computers to manage, process, and communicate critical information that is an integral part of modern industrial technology.

The Babylonians

• thrived in Mesopotamia (Iraq)

• 2000 BC until about 500 BC.

What was the numerical system of the babylonians

• two symbols ( I = 1 < = 10 )

counting board

• usually made of wood and had grooves that allowed beads to be placed at any point of the groove.

abacus

• beads in an ____have holes that would enable them to be placed in a specific rod of the ____.

The Egyptians

• used a numerical system that had a base of 10 with distinct symbols up to a hundredth thousands.

Rhind papyrus

• Writing surface of the Egyptians

The Greeks

• Works by Pythagoras and Thales that was centered aroud geometry

Pythagoreans

• group of people who followed pythagoras and believe that number is the essence of all things

Thales

• States that A, B, and C are points in a circle ans that AC is the circles diameter and <ABC is a right angle

The Romans

• Invented the roman numerals

Islamic Influence

• Continued the achievements of the greek

• a theory was created which used rational and irrational numbers as algebraic objects

Wilheim Gottfried Lebniz

• Created the step reckoner, which is an upgraded version of the pascaline first calculator to do basic arithmetic.

• developed the binary number

Charles Babbage

• Created the prototype of the difference

• Grandfather of the computing field

• designed to produce mathematical tables, logarithmic, and trigonometric.

Ada Lovelace

• Considered the first “computer programming“

George Boole

• developed the boolean algebra, which is the foundation of modern computing.

• Introduced quantities such as “1“ and “0“, 1 for thinkable objects and 0 for absence of thing

Grace Brewster Murray Hopper

• Created the COBOL (common business-Oriented language) in 1959

Katherine Johnson

• Her calculations helped space travel to send the astronaut to the moon and back Apollo 1 (1962)

• NASA hired people called “Computers“ mainly woman to compute complex calculation (1950)

Gladys Mae West

• Created a detailed model of the earth which became the basis of GPS (global positioning system)

• second black woman to be hired at the Naval Proving Ground

Cloud Computing

• collected data is stored in a “cloud,”

• The use

  of the cloud lets users open files and use applications anywhere using whichever device has access to the Internet.

Virtualization

• simulates hardware functions by creating multiple virtual machines on a physical server that acts as a hardware device

• detach software from hardware by converting “physical” devices into “logical” folders or files.

Internet of Things (IoT)

• network of an extensive range of physical objectives that

  automatically share data over the Internet.

• It can be used to accept, locate, monitor, and manage “things” in IoT more reasonably.

Big Data

• massive and complex datasets characterized by high

  volume, variety of data types, and velocity as data are collected and analyzed at ever-increasing rates.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

• can learn from experience, adjust to new inputs, and do

  human-like activities because of this technology.

• It has always been regarded as the technology that can change the world on the one hand and end it on the other.

Fog Computing

• The data and application sets are stored in edge devices compared to the clouds of cloud computing.

• allows local data analytics and management and the

  distribution of real-time data insights to customers in different areas such as factories, streetlights, and commodities.

Edge Computing

• It deals with a computing infrastructure that is close

  to data sources.

• It is decentralized and distributed

• raw data in edge computing is analyzed locally instead of

  transferred to the cloud.

Business Organizations

• Businesses use computers to organize data effectively.

• will lessen the amount of human error in business management.

• Doing so makes error-tracking easier, allowing businesses to arrive at better conclusions based on well-organized data sets.

Banking Industries

• industries use computers for better transaction processes.

• Bank tellers can easily manage the files and accounts of their customers as quickly as possible using computers.

Education

• Advanced technologies are applied in schools for faster delivery of accessible, quality, and higher levels of education.

• Learning methods such as blended learning are an innovative approach to providing accurate and focused learning.

Healthcare

• Records of patients’ treatment and medical history are

  stored in a database easily accessible to doctors.

• Using different tools such as medical applications and other hardware equipment is also in place to make diagnosis faster and easier.

Government

• With comprehensive computing equipment for storing public information, handling government works makes the customer experience faster and more reliable and creates more accurate results and services.

Robotics

• fast-emerging field supports computers for science, engineering, research, and machines.

• can help perform several tasks considered complex for human abilities.