Unit 2.1 Notes Classification And Interactions of Matter

Pure Substance

A form of matter that has constant chemical composition and characteristic properties

Elements

Particle composed of only one element

Molecule

Particle composed of more than one atom.

Compound

Particle composed of two or more elements and has properties distinct from those atoms

All Compounds are molecules

But not all molecules are Compounds

Mixture

Composed of two different types of particles that are not bonded

Mixtures can be separated by what methods?

Using physical processes such as filtration, evaporation, distillation, and chromatography

Each Mixture retains what?

It's unique properties

Homogeneous Mixture

The same throughout

Heterogeneous Mixtures

Different throughout

Length Scale

It is important to define the scale that you are referring to concerning a mixture

Filtration

Is a process used to separate solids from liquids or gases using a filter medium that allows the fluid to pass through but not the solid

Evaporation

The conversion of a liquid into a vapor for the purpose of separating it from another liquid of higher boiling point, or from a solid which is dissolved in it

Distillation

A procedure by which two liquids with different boiling points can be separated

Chromatography

The mixture is dissolved in a fluid called the mobile phase, which carries it through a system on which is fixed a material called the stationary phase.

The total pressure of the mixture is the sum of what?

The individual partial pressures of each gas that makes up the mixture.

The partial pressures of each gas can be determined by what?

Comparing the fraction of particles of the gas in the mixture to the total number of gas particles.

Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures

States that in a mixture of non-reacting gases, the total pressure exerted is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases.

Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures

Ptotal = PA+PB+...

Attractions among particles of matter are the result of what?

Electrostatic interactions between particles.

Intermolecular forces are responsible for many physical properties of substances including what?

Boiling pint, Melting point, Surface tension, and Volatility.

Intramolecular forces hold?

Atoms together in a molecule.

Electrolysis

A technique that uses direct electric current to drive an otherwise non-spontaneous chemical reaction.

Could be identified with burning wooden splints: Water Vapor

Extinguishes the Flame

Could be identified with burning wooden splints: Carbon Dioxide

Extinguishes the flame

Could be identified with burning wooden splints: Hydrogen

Makes a popping sound

Could be identified with burning wooden splints: Oxygen

Blow out the splint, if oxygen gas is present the wooden splint will reignite

Could be identified using test papers: Ammonia

Turns red litmus blue

Could be identified using test papers: Chlorine

Turns blue litmus red or starch iodide paper black

Could be identified using test papers: Water Vapor

Turns cobalt chloride paper pink

Xa

The fraction of the molecule (could also be percentage in decimal form).

Pa

Partial Pressure

Ptotal

Total pressure, is also the sum of all the Partial Pressures

78% of all gases molecules in dry air is what?

Nitrogen

Xa+Xb+Xc equals what?

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