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information
the collection of facts and patterns extracted from data
cleaning data
a process that makes the data uniform without changing its meaning
citizen science
scientific research conducted in whole or part by distributed individuals, many of whom may not be scientists, who contribute relevant data to research using their own computing devices
crowdsourcing
the practice of obtaining input or information from a large number of people via the Internet
simulation
a representation that uses varying sets of values to reflect the changing state of a phenomenon