History - American dream - a level - paper 1

Return to Normalcy

Harding's post-WWI isolationist policy.

Pro-business policies

Coolidge and Hoover's economic strategies favoring business.

Great Depression

1929 economic crash damaging Republican reputation.

New Deal

FDR's programs expanding federal government role.

Fireside chats

FDR's media strategy to connect with citizens.

Truman Doctrine

Policy to contain communism during Cold War.

Hidden hand leadership

Eisenhower's subtle, indirect approach to governance.

Charismatic leadership

Kennedy's engaging public persona and media use.

Great Society

Johnson's reforms aimed at social welfare improvements.

Imperial Presidency

Nixon's concentration of power in the executive.

Crisis of confidence

Carter's speech addressing public distrust in government.

Rugged Individualism

Hoover's belief in minimal government intervention.

New Deal shift

Government's responsibility for economic welfare in 1930s.

1st Red Scare

Fear of Bolshevism post-Russian Revolution.

2nd Red Scare

McCarthyism and anti-communist hysteria in 1940s-50s.

Civil rights movement

1960s activism for racial equality and justice.

Silent Majority

Nixon's term for conservative Americans supporting him.

Cold War Superpower

US's global leadership role post-WWII.

Korean War

1950-53 conflict, increased US military spending.

Vietnam War

1955-75 conflict causing domestic unrest and distrust.

Montgomery Bus Boycott

1955-56 non-violent protest against segregation.

Civil Rights Act

1964 law ending segregation in public places.

Voting Rights Act

1965 law protecting black voter rights.

Stonewall Riots

1969 protests marking Gay Rights Movement's rise.

Ethnic Neighborhoods

Immigrant communities with distinct cultural identities.

Bracero Program

Temporary labor program for Mexican workers during WWII.

1965 Immigration Act

Ended racial quotas; increased non-European immigration.

Hollywood Cinema

Film industry providing escapism during the Great Depression.

Radio Popularity

Facilitated national culture and shared experiences.

Television Dominance

Became primary medium for mass culture post-1950s.

Live News Broadcasting

Real-time coverage of significant national events.

Trust in Government

Declined after Vietnam War and Watergate scandal.

Warren Harding

Promoted 'Return to Normalcy' post-WWI.

Calvin Coolidge

Advocated minimal government; emphasized business prosperity.

Herbert Hoover

His policies contributed to the Great Depression.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Introduced New Deal to address economic crises.

Fireside Chats

Direct communication between FDR and American public.

Harry Truman

Implemented Fair Deal; faced Cold War challenges.

Dwight Eisenhower

Promoted Dynamic Conservatism and infrastructure development.

John F. Kennedy

Known for New Frontier and televised debates.

Lyndon B. Johnson

Advanced civil rights and escalated Vietnam War.

Richard Nixon

Introduced New Federalism; resigned over Watergate.

Credibility Gap

Discrepancy between government statements and reality.

Stagflation

Economic condition of high inflation and unemployment.

Rugged Individualism

1920s belief in self-reliance and minimal government.

New Deal

FDR's policies for economic relief and reform.

Red Scares

Periods of heightened fear of communism in America.

Counterculture Movement

1960s rejection of traditional societal norms.

Return to 'Normalcy'

Post-WWI U.S. shift to isolationism and stability.

Isolationism

Policy of avoiding international alliances and conflicts.

League of Nations

International organization rejected by U.S. Senate.

Emergency Quota Act 1921

Limited immigration through strict quotas.

National Origins Act 1924

Further restricted immigration based on nationality.

Cold War Superpower

U.S. dominance post-WWII; global leadership role.

Marshall Plan

U.S. aid for European postwar reconstruction.

Korean War

Conflict leading to political division in U.S.

Vietnam War

Conflict marked by mass anti-war protests.

My Lai Massacre

Vietnam War incident highlighting brutality and media coverage.

Tet Offensive

Major North Vietnamese attack in 1968, shocking U.S. public.

Jim Crow Laws

State laws enforcing racial segregation in the South.

Great Migration

1.5 million black Americans moved north for opportunities.

Executive Order 8802

Banned racial discrimination in defense industries during WWII.

Desegregation of Military

Truman's 1948 order to integrate armed forces.

NAACP

Organization focused on legal challenges for civil rights.

Brown v. Board of Education

1954 ruling declaring school segregation unconstitutional.

Montgomery Bus Boycott

1955 protest against bus segregation led by MLK.

Civil Rights Act 1964

Legislation banning discrimination in public and employment.

Voting Rights Act 1965

Legislation eliminating barriers to black voting.

Fair Housing Act 1968

Banned housing discrimination based on race.

American Indian Movement (AIM)

Activist group advocating for Native American rights.

Stonewall Riots

1969 protests marking the start of gay rights movement.