Migliore's Chart: Neurological Disorders part 3

Region affected: CNS and optic nerve

MS

Region affected:

• upper motor neuron of cerebral cortex

• lower motor cortex of spinal cord and brainstem

ALS

Region affected: cell bodies in sustantia nigra → striatum (neurons die here)

PD

Region affected: cortex

→ parietal

→ temporal

→ hippocampus

AD

Region affected: striatum

HD

Cells affected: oligodendrocytes

MS

Cells affected: (NT)

• excitotoxicity from high GLUTAMATE

• decreased ACH = increased free radical

ALS

Cells affected: decreased DA

PD

Cells affected: decreased ACH

AD

Cells affected: increased DA

HD

major symptoms:

• visual changes

• fatigue/weakness

• cognitive issues

MS

major symptoms:

muscle gets no stimulation

ALS

major symptoms:

1) postural abnormalities

2) resting tremors

3) rigidity

4) bradykinesia

PD

major symptoms: (dementia)

• memory

• cognition

• function forget

• lost

AD

major symptoms:

• abnormal motor movement (chorea)

• dementia

HD

Hallmark features: polyQ repeats greater than 40 on protein

HD

Hallmark features: senile plaques + neurofibrillary tangles

AD

Hallmark features: lewy body formation

PD

Hallmark features: loss of motor neurons (does not affect cognition or bowel/bladder control)

ALS

Hallmark features: demyelination because of autoimmune

MS

protein misfold: n/a

MS

protein misfold: 1) TDP-43, 2) SOD1, 3) FUS

ALS

protein misfold: alpha-synuclein acts like prion

PD

protein misfold: TAU, amyloid beta (AB)

AD

protein misfold: huntington

HD

general treatment strategy: DA receptor blocker

HD

general treatment strategy: Ach esterase inhibitor, NMDA receptor blocker, antibody against AB

AD

general treatment strategy:

• increased levodopa (because DA cannot cross BBB)

• decreased DA breakdown (COMT, MOA inhibitor)

• blocks Ach action

• DA receptor agonist

PD

general treatment strategy:

• NMDA receptor blockers → blocks excitotoxicity

ALS

general treatment strategy: immune suppression

MS