Studied by 7 people
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Region affected: CNS and optic nerve
MS
Region affected:
upper motor neuron of cerebral cortex
lower motor cortex of spinal cord and brainstem
ALS
Region affected: cell bodies in sustantia nigra → striatum (neurons die here)
PD
Region affected: cortex
→ parietal
→ temporal
→ hippocampus
AD
Region affected: striatum
HD
Cells affected: oligodendrocytes
MS
Cells affected: (NT)
excitotoxicity from high GLUTAMATE
decreased ACH = increased free radical
ALS
Cells affected: decreased DA
PD
Cells affected: decreased ACH
AD
Cells affected: increased DA
HD
major symptoms:
visual changes
fatigue/weakness
cognitive issues
MS
major symptoms:
muscle gets no stimulation
ALS
major symptoms:
1) postural abnormalities
2) resting tremors
3) rigidity
4) bradykinesia
PD
major symptoms: (dementia)
memory
cognition
function forget
lost
AD
major symptoms:
abnormal motor movement (chorea)
dementia
HD
Hallmark features: polyQ repeats greater than 40 on protein
HD
Hallmark features: senile plaques + neurofibrillary tangles
AD
Hallmark features: lewy body formation
PD
Hallmark features: loss of motor neurons (does not affect cognition or bowel/bladder control)
ALS
Hallmark features: demyelination because of autoimmune
MS
protein misfold: n/a
MS
protein misfold: 1) TDP-43, 2) SOD1, 3) FUS
ALS
protein misfold: alpha-synuclein acts like prion
PD
protein misfold: TAU, amyloid beta (AB)
AD
protein misfold: huntington
HD
general treatment strategy: DA receptor blocker
HD
general treatment strategy: Ach esterase inhibitor, NMDA receptor blocker, antibody against AB
AD
general treatment strategy:
increased levodopa (because DA cannot cross BBB)
decreased DA breakdown (COMT, MOA inhibitor)
blocks Ach action
DA receptor agonist
PD
general treatment strategy:
NMDA receptor blockers → blocks excitotoxicity
ALS
general treatment strategy: immune suppression
MS
Note 
Flashcard (77)