Human Geography AP Vocab List Unit 2 chapters 3 and 4

Agricultural Density

Total number of farmers per unit of arable land.

Arithmetic Density

Total number of people per unit area of land; also called crude density.

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

Total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in a given population

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

Total number of births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in a given population

Demographics

Data about the structures and characteristics of human populations.

Dependency Ratio

The number of people under age 15 and over age 65 divided by the number of work age group (ages 15 through 65) multiplied by 100.

Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

A model that represents shifts in the growth of world's population, based on population trends related to birth rate and death rate/

Doubling Time

the number of years in which a population growing at a certain rate would double

Epidemiological Transition Model (ETM)

A model that describes changes in fertility, mortality, life expectancy, and population age distribution, largely as a result of changes in causes of death.

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

Total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year of age for every 1,000 live births in a society.

Life Expectancy

The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions.

Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)

Rate at which a population grows as the result of the difference between the Crude Birth Rate and Crude Death Rate.

Overpopulation

Condition in which population growth outstrips the resources needed to support life.

Physiological Density

The number of people per unit of area of arable land

Population Pyramid

a graph that shows the age-sex distribution of a given population

Sex Ratio

The proportion of males to females in a population.

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years (ages 15 to 49).

Zero Population Growth (ZPR)

A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero.

Population Distribution

Where people live in a geographic area.

Climate

The long term patterns of weather in a particular area.

Temperate Climates

A climate with moderate temperatures and adequate precipitation amounts.

Land Forms

The natural features of Earth's surface.

Population Density

The number of people occupying a unit of land.

Arable Land

Land that can be used to grow crops.

Subsistence Agriculture

An agricultural practice that provides crops or livestock to feed one's family and close community using fewer mechanical resources and more people to care for the crops and livestock.

Carrying Capacity

The maximum population size an environment can sustain.

Fertility

The ability to produce children.

Mortality

Deaths as a component of population change.

Urbanization

Urban growth and development.

Neo-Malthusian

Describing the theory related to the idea that population growth is unsustainable and that the future population cannot be supported by Earth's resources.

Antinatalist

Describing attitudes or policies that discourage childbearing as a means of limiting population growth.

Pronatalist

Describing attitudes or policies that encourage childbearing as a means of spurring population growth.

Land Degradation

Long term damage to the soil's ability to support life.

Dispersed

spread out