World History - Enlightened Absolutism Ch. 8-3

When was enlightened absolutism emerged?

late 18th century

Why was enlightened absolutism emerged?

rulers tried to govern by using enlightenment principles while maintaining royal powers

What happened prior to, or before enlightened absolutism?

enlightenment spread a lot and philasophes push rights for ALL people

What were the natural rights?

Equality before the law

Freedom of religion

Freedom of speech

Freedom of the press

Right to assemble, hold property, and pursue happiness

What needed to happen for enlightened absolutism to work?

The world needed enlightenment rulers the would allow natural rights and studies of arts, science, education, and were as fair as possible

Where was Frederick the Great from?

Prussia

Who was Frederick the Great?

one of the best educated monarchs of the time, who was very well versed in the enlightenment ideas

What did Frederick the Great do?

he abolished the use of torture except treason and murder cases, granted limited freedom of speech, press, and greater religious toleration, BUT he kept Prussia’s serfdom and rigid social structure

Where was Empress Maria Theresa from?

Austria

Who was Empress Maria Theresa?

mother of Joseph II, and she worked to strengthen and centralize the country

What was Empress Maria Theresa not open to?

enlightenment reforms

Who was Joseph II?

took over after his mother, believed in path of reason and use of enlightenment ideas in his kingdom

What did Joseph II do?

abolished slavery, eliminated death penalty, and put equality before law and religious reforms

Why did Joseph II’s reforms fail?

he got the nobles mad at him for freeing the serfs and the Catholic Church mad at him for the religious reforms and even the serfs were mad because the drastic changes were too much for them.

Who was the only one who sought truly radical changed based on the enlightenment?

Joseph II

Where was Catherine the Great from?

Russia

What was the 7 Year’s War also known as?

The War of the Austrian Succession

What “set the stage” for the 7 Years’ War?

maria Theresa (A WOMAN), inherited the Austrian throne from her father

Why did Frederick the Great invade Austrian Silesia?

He saw Maria Theresa had inherited the throne and saw that as a weakness and an opportunity to take a piece of Austria

Who did Great Britain side with?

Austria

How many different countries was the 7 Years’ War fought on?

3

What happened in Europe of the 7 Years’ War?

Everyone switches sides - France is now on Austria’s side and Russia joins them, and Britain joins Prussia’s side

Why did Russia withdraw as soon as Prussia was about to lose?

the Russian Czar admired and respected Frederick the Great of Prussia

Why did Prussia’s army weaken?

they were worn down from fighting in three different directions

How did the war in Europe end?

In a stalemate, or draw (tie)

What happened in Asia (India) during the 7 Years’ War?

France and Britain fought for control of India

Who won control of India in the 7 Years’ War?

Britain because of its persistence

What happened in North America of the 7 Years’ War?

It was the greatest conflict of the entire war, between France and Great Britain again.

What areas did France and GB fight for in North America?

The Ohio River Valley and the waterways of the Gulf of St. Lawrence

Who won and what happened?

Britain won and got Canada and lands East of the Mississippi, + Spanish Florida

Who became the worlds greatest colonial power?

Britain