Forensic Medicine Review Flashcards

Flashcards based on Forensic Medicine lecture notes covering injury classification, ballistics, thanatology, medical jurisprudence, and clinical toxicology.

What characterizes an 'Incised-looking laceration'?

A laceration occurring on bony prominences that mimics an incised wound.

Define 'Tailing' in the context of an incised wound.

A phenomenon where the wound is deeper at the beginning and towards the end only the epidermis is cut.

What are the components of the 'Striae of Zahn' found in an antemortem clot?

Coralline platelet thrombus.

What is the specific material used in 'Bone pearls'?

$$molten\,CaPO_4$$

What is 'Puppet’s Rule' used for in skull fractures?

Determining the sequence of fractures ($A > B > C$) based on the observation that a subsequent fracture line will not cross a pre-existing one.

Which skull fracture is commonly associated with motorcyclists?

Hinge fracture.

Identify the primary mechanism of injury in 'Whiplash'.

Hyperextension followed by hyperflexion.

What are the three categories of 'Blast Injuries' and their common outcomes?

1. Primary (Blast lung, ruptured tympanic membrane, bowel perforations); 2. Secondary (Penetrating trauma and lacerations); 3. Tertiary (Blunt trauma and fractures).

What is the significance of the 'Lucid Interval' in medico-legal cases?

It is valid evidence where the individual is considered to have Will and is criminally liable.

According to the transcript, within how many days must death occur for it to be attributed to a Road Traffic Accident (RTA)?

$$30\,d$$

Distinguish between 'Homicidal' and 'Suicidal' incised wounds based on their placement.

Homicidal wounds are often Defense cuts; Suicidal wounds are often Hesitation cuts.

What is the 'Intimal Ladder-rung tear' characteristic of?

Aortic tears occurring during a Road Traffic Accident.

Name the three thermal-related ulcers mentioned in the notes.

Wishnewsky ulcer, Curling ulcer, and Cushing ulcer.

What is the 'Cherry Red' color of hypostasis indicative of?

Carbon monoxide poisoning or cold exposure (Antemortem burns mention 'Cherry Red blood' in transcript context).

List four types of torture methods involving physical positions or constraints.

Hog Tying, Telefono, Bastinada, and Parrot perch.

What is the difference between 'Single Base', 'Double Base', and 'Triple Base' smokeless powder?

Single Base: Nitrocellulose (NC); Double Base: NC + Nitro-Glycerine (NG); Triple Base: NC + NG + Nitro-Guanidine.

What instrument is used for 'Bullet fingerprinting'?

Comparison Microscope (associated with Calvin Goddard).

Define 'Kennedy phenomenon'.

A situation where a surgical incision is made through a bullet wound, altering its appearance.

What is the 'Surest sign of Ante-Mortem Hanging'?

Prinsloo's Gordon artefact.

Differntiate the hyoid fracture in Hanging vs. Strangulation.

Hanging: Abduction fracture; Strangulation: Adduction fracture.

What is 'Burking'?

A combination of traumatic asphyxia and smothering.

Name the four medical autopsy techniques mentioned by the names of pathologists.

Virchow, Letulle, Ghon, and Rokitansky.

Which types of organs/samples are preserved for DNA analysis according to the transcript?

Not nail (suggests bone/blood/teeth are preferred, though transcript notes 'DNA analysis: Not nail').

Define 'Casper’s dictum' regarding the rate of putrefaction.

The ratio of the rate of putrefaction in air, water, and earth is $1:2:8$ (implied by 'Casper’s dictum' context for delay/rate).

What is 'Nysten’s rule' used for?

Describing the sequence in which Rigor Mortis appears in different muscles.

What is the 'Res ipsa loquitur' doctrine?

The thing speaks for itself; used in medical negligence cases where the negligence is obvious.

What is the minimum age for consent for a physical exam of a sexual assault victim?

$12\,years$ (implied by 'Min age for consent: 12' in standard contexts, though transcript text has 'Min age for consent:' with physical exam listed below).

What are the eight criteria for 'Grievous Hurt' under the BNS?

i. Emasculation; ii. Permanent privation of sight (eye); iii. Permanent privation of hearing (ear); iv. Privation of member/joint; v. Destruction/impairing of member/joint; vi. Permanent disfiguration of head/face; vii. Fracture/dislocation of bone/tooth; viii. Hurt causing severe pain or inability to follow pursuits for $15\,DAYS$.

Compare 'Dying Declaration' and 'Dying Deposition' regarding Cross-examination.

Dying Declaration: No cross-examination; Dying Deposition: Cross-examination present.

Identify the earliest sign of intrauterine death.

Spalding sign (overlapping of skull bones).

What is the 'Haase’s Rule' for fetal age calculation?

First 5 months: $\sqrt{length} = age\,in\,months$; After 5 months: $length \div 5 = age\,in\,months$.

Define 'Frotteurism' under BNS 75.

Touching or rubbing against a non-consenting person for sexual pleasure.

What is the 'Confirmatory Test' for blood using microcrystals?

TEICHMANN (Haemin crystals) and TAKAYAMA (Haemochromogen crystals).

What is 'Locard's Theory of Exchange'?

Every contact leaves a trace.

Contrast the Male and Female pelvis regarding the 'Subpubic angle'.

Male Pelvis: $< 90^o$; Female Pelvis: $> 90^o$.

What is the 'Universal Antidote' composition?

Activated charcoal, Magnesium oxide, and Tannic acid.

What is 'Itai itai disease' caused by?

Cadmium poisoning.

Define 'Magnan bugs' in toxicology.

Tactile hallucinations associated with Cocaine use where the user feels insects crawling under the skin.

What is the 'Antidote' for PCM (Paracetamol) toxicity?

N-acetylcysteine (implied by 'PCM' in antidote list).

What are the components of the 'Coma Cocktail'?

Dextrose, Thiamine, Naloxone, and Oxygen.