Speech Exam 3

What are supporting materials in a speech?

Supporting materials clarify, prove, and add interest to your speech.

What are the types of supporting materials?

Examples, narratives, definitions, descriptions, historical & scientific facts, statistics, and testimony.

What is an example in supporting materials?

Short, concrete instances used to clarify ideas, quickly understandable, and matched to the audience's frame of reference.

What is a narrative in the context of speeches?

Stories or anecdotes used to clarify, dramatize, and build emotional resonance.

What are the types of narratives?

Personal, literary, historical, and hypothetical.

What is personal narrative?

Establishes credibility and human connection; must be truthful and humble.

What is a literary narrative?

Fables or short stories; care should be taken not to let the story overshadow the speech.

What is a historical narrative?

Based on past factual events; provides probative value and requires citation.

What is a hypothetical narrative?

Plausible scenarios of events that haven't happened yet; useful for introductions.

What is the purpose of definitions in a speech?

To set limits on a term or clarify jargon/specialized meanings.

What are stipulated definitions?

Clearly states how a word will be used in the specific context of the speech.

What is classification & differentiation in definitions?

Defines something by placing it in a category and explaining unique traits.

What is an operational definition?

Defines a term by providing real-life action examples.

What are the types of narratives?

Personal, literary, historical, and hypothetical.

What is personal narrative?

Establishes credibility and human connection; must be truthful and humble.

What is a literary narrative?

Fables or short stories; care should be taken not to let the story overshadow the speech.

What is a historical narrative?

Based on past factual events; provides probative value and requires citation.

What is a hypothetical narrative?

Plausible scenarios of events that haven't happened yet; useful for introductions.

What is the purpose of definitions in a speech?

To set limits on a term or clarify jargon/specialized meanings.

What are stipulated definitions?

Clearly states how a word will be used in the specific context of the speech.

What is classification & differentiation in definitions?

Defines something by placing it in a category and explaining unique traits.

What is an operational definition?

Defines a term by providing real-life action examples.

What is contrast/comparison/negation in definitions?

Defines by comparing to similar concepts, contrasting with opposites, or stating what something is not.

What is the use of descriptive language in speeches?

Vivid language grounded in the senses—sight, sound, taste, smell, touch—to answer who, what, where, when, and how.

What are historical & scientific facts?

Observations confirmed repeatedly and accepted as true; supported by documentation.

What are statistics?

The collection, analysis, comparison, and interpretation of numerical data.

What is the mean in statistics?

The mathematical average of a set of numbers.

What is the median in statistics?

The middle number in an ordered set.

What is the mode in statistics?

The most frequently occurring number in a set.

What are best practices for using statistics?

Weave them into arguments, cite reliable sources, round off large numbers, avoid overuse, and use visual aids for scale.

What is testimony in speech?

Quoted or paraphrased statements used as evidence.

What is expert testimony?

Statements from recognized authorities in a specific field.

What is peer testimony?

Statements from friends or family providing personal perspectives.

What are the factors of attention for engaging an audience?

Movement, conflict, novelty, humor, familiarity, contrast, repetition, suspense, proximity, intensity, and concreteness.

What is the role of movement in engaging an audience?

Dynamic plots and purposeful physical movement to maintain focus.

How does conflict engage an audience?

By presenting opposing ideas or dramatic tension.

Why is novelty important in speeches?

Fresh ideas and unique angles keep the audience interested.

What is the impact of humor in speeches?

Well-timed humor creates lightness and engagement.

How does familiarity help in communication?

Relatable concepts ground complex ideas in comfort.

What role does contrast play in audience engagement?

It creates visual or vocal variety.

How does repetition reinforce a speech?

By strategically repeating main points.

What effect does suspense have in a speech?

Posing unresolved questions captivates the audience's attention.

Why is proximity important in delivery?

Physical closeness can enhance connection with the audience.

What does need-oriented engagement entail?

Addressing topics that relate directly to audience goals or desires.

How does intensity influence speaking?

Vocal variety, emphasis, and strong sensory details capture attention.

What is concreteness in speech?

Grounding abstract points in tangible experiences.

What are the standards for public speaking language?

Clarity, effectiveness, rhetorical devices, appropriateness, and inclusivity.

How can clarity be achieved in speech?

Use concrete language instead of abstract terms.

What should be avoided for effectiveness?

Jargon, unexplained acronyms, inappropriate slang, and vague hedges.

What are rhetorical devices?

Techniques like alliteration, antithesis, and hyperbole that enhance language impact.

What is gender-inclusive language?

Language that avoids gender bias and stereotypes.

Why is respect for ethnic identity relevant?

It acknowledges self-chosen labels and promotes inclusivity.

What is person-first language?

Language that emphasizes the individual rather than the disability.

What is persuasion in everyday life?

A routine skill used to influence and advocate for ideas ethically.

What are the core elements of persuasion?

Ethos, logos, and pathos.

What is ethos?

Speaker credibility and trustworthiness.

What is logos?

Logical arguments supported by evidence.

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