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Acceleration
Any change in velocity
Air resistance
A force that resists an object's motion through air
Applied force
A type of force exerted by a person, animal or machine
Balanced force
A force with an equal and opposite force acting on the same object
Collision force
A contact force that acts on an object when it hits another object
Contact force
Any force that can only occur when two objects are touching
First law of motion
An object has a constant velocity unless acted on by a net force
Force
A push or pull
Free body diagram
A representation of all the forces acting on an object
Friction
A force that resists an object's motion
Gravity
The attractive force between any two objects that have mass
Inertia
The natural tendency of an object to maintain a constant velocity
Mass
The amount of matter in an object
Net force
The overall force on an object
Newton
The standard unit of force
Non-contact force
Any force that can occur even when two objects are not touching
Reaction force
The force that is paired with another force by the third law of motion
Second law of motion
An object's acceleration is directly proportional to the net force acting on it, and inversely proportional to its mass.
Speed
The rate of change of an object's position
Support force
An upward force exerted on an object by a solid surface
Tension
A force that pulls inward when a solid object is stretched
Third law of motion
Every force has an equal and opposite reaction force
Thrust
A force that acts on an object when it shoots out a jet of liquid or gas
Unbalanced force
A force without an equal and opposite force acting on the same object
Velocity
The speed of an object in a certain direction
Water resistance
A force that resists an object's motion through water
Weight
The force of gravity on an object
Abiotic factor
A non-living thing in an ecosystem
Biodiversity
The variety of living things in a particular area
Biotic factor
A living thing in an ecosystem
Carbon cycle
The continual movement of carbon through ecosystems
Cellular respiration
The reaction in living cells that releases energy for life processes
Chemical energy
The energy stored in molecules
Commensal
Benefiting one species while the other species is not affected
Consumer
An organism that gets its food by eating other organisms
Contaminant
A harmful substance in the environment or in living things
Decomposer
An organism that breaks down dead matter by releasing chemicals
Ecology
The scientific study of ecosystems, a branch of biology
Ecosystem
A collection of organisms interacting with each other and their environment
Energy
The ability to move, grow and function
Food chain
One pathway of energy transfer between organisms
Food web
Connected pathways of energy transfer between organisms
Matter
Any substance that takes up space and has mass
Mutualistic
Benefiting both species
Parasitic
Benefiting one species while the other species is harmed
Photosynthesis
The reaction in producers that transforms light energy into chemical energy
Producer
An organism that makes its own food by harnessing sunlight energy
Resilience
The ability to recover after a change
Species
A group of similar organisms that can breed with each other
Symbiosis
A long-term relationship between species where at least one benefits
Acquired trait
A feature that is gained during an individual's lifetime
Adaptation
A genetic trait that helps an organism survive in its environment
Antibiotic
A medicine that kills bacteria or prevents their growth
Antibiotic-resistant
Able to survive in the presence of antibiotics
Behavioural adaptation
A behaviour or action that helps an organism survive
Common ancestor
A species that two or more other species have evolved from
Competition
The struggle between organisms for resources, such as food or mates
DNA
A molecule that contains genetic information
Ecosystem
A collection of organisms interacting with each other and their environment
Evolution
A change in the genetic traits in a population over many generations
Evolutionary tree
A diagram that shows how species are related
Extinction
The dying out or complete disappearance of a species
Gene
A unit of genetic information
Genetic diversity
The amount of genetic variation in a population
Genetic trait
A feature that can be passed down by genes to the next generation
Inheritance
The passing down of traits via genes from one generation to the next
Mutation
A small random change in an organism's DNA
Natural selection
The survival of organisms that are better adapted to their environment
Population
A group of organisms of the same species living in the same place
Selection pressure
A challenge that affects an organism's ability to survive and reproduce
Speciation
The formation of a new species
Species
A group of similar organisms that can breed to produce fertile offspring
Structural adaptation
A physical feature of the body that helps an organism survive
Trait
A feature of an organism
Variation
A difference in traits between individuals of the same species
Adenine
One of the four nucleotide bases in DNA, pairs with thymine.
Base pair
Two bases joined together
Allele
A version of a gene
Amino acid
A small molecule that joins with others to form proteins
Anaphase
A stage of cell division in which the chromosomes separate
Base
Part of a DNA molecule that comes in four types:A, C, G and T
Cell cycle
The repeated process of cell growth and division
Cell division
The splitting of a cell to form new cells
Chromosome
A DNA molecule that condenses during cell division
Crossing over
The swapping of genes between chromosomes in a homologous pair
Cytosine
The base that combines with guanine to form a base pair
Daughter cell
Any new cell formed by cell division
DNA
A molecule that contains genetic information
Dominant allele
A version of a gene that is expressed even when only one copy is present
Dominant trait
A feature that appears when at least one allele is present
Fertilization
The joining of an egg and a sperm to form a new organism
Gene
A unit of genetic information
Generation
Members of a family that are born and live at about the same time
Genotype
A pair of alleles that influence the appearance of a particular trait
Guanine
The base that combines with cytosine to form a base pair
Heterozygous
A genotype in which the two alleles are different
Homologous pair
Two chromosomes that contain versions of the same genes
Homozygous
A genotype in which the two alleles are the same
Inheritance
The passing down of traits via genes from one generation to the next
Interphase
The stage of the cell cycle in which a cell grows and copies its DNA
Note 
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