AP Review

Mississippi River Valley

A rich area with ingenious cultures, European exploration, and westward expansion

Feudalism

A system where lords granted land to vassals in exchange for services

European migrants

Divers by diverse motivations, economic opportunities, religious freedom, and political liberty, leading to the establishment of various colonies by the English, French, Spainish, Dutch

Puritans

A group of English Protestants who sought to purify the Church of England

Mercantilism

An economic theory that trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of proftitable balances

Metacom’s war

A conflict between Wampanoag people and other Native American tribes against English colonies in New England

Pueblo Revolt

A successful uprising by Pueblo people in what is now New Mexico against Spanish colonial rule, driven by religious persecution, forced labor, and the suppression of their culture

First Great Awakening

A period of widespread religious revival in the American colonies and Britain.

Anglicization

The process of modifying foreign words, names, or phrases to make them sound, look, or be understood more like English

Evangelicalism

A broad interdenominational movement within Protestant Chirstianity that emphasizes personal conversion, the importance of the Bible

Republican Motherhood

Attitude towards women’s roles in the newly formed United States

Northwest Ordinance

A foundational document adopted by the confederation congress

Federalist papers

Papers by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John jay to promote the ratification of the constitution of the United States

Federalist Party

Advocates for strong central government and nationalistic economic policy

Market revolution

A period of significant economic and social transformation in the United States, shifting the country from agrarian nation to self-sufficient society

Louisiana Purchase

A land deal in 1803 where the United States bought vast territory west of the Mississippi River from France for 15 million. This is signnificant because Thomas Jefferson did not pass this through congress before purchasing Louisiana

Missouri Compromise

A legislative attempt to address the growing tensions over slavery in the United States

Monroe Doctrine

James Monroe stated that the western hemisphere was closed to future colonization by European powers

Suffrage

Is the rich to vote, particularly in public elections

Second Great Awakening

A Protestant religious revival during the 18th to early 19th century in the United States

Abolitionism

A social and political movement dedicated to ending slavery and the slave trade

Women’s rights movements

A diverse social movement that has fought for equal rights, opportunities, and freedom for women

Seneca Falls Convention

First women’s rights convention

Mexican-American War

Invasion of Mexico by the United States Army, due to annexation Texas

Compromise of 1850

A package of five laws designed to resolve a national crisis regarding slavery and the expansion of the United States after the Mexican American war

Free soil movement

The party was focused on opposing the expansion of slavery inton western territories

Kansas Nebraska Act

A bill proposed that created the Kansas’s Nebraska territories

Dred Scott Decision

Ruled that enslaved people were not citizens and therefore could not sure in federal court

Sharecropping

A labor system that emerged in post civil war south, where landowners provided land, housing, and supplies to farmers who in turn agreed to share a portion of their harvest with the landowner

Gilded age

A period of rapid industrial growth, technological advancements, and immense wealth accumulation, but also by widespread political corruption and social inequality

Social Darwinism

A flawed theory that misapplies Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection to human societies arguing that certain groups or races are inherently superior

Social Gospel

A Protestant religious and social reform movement. Addressing societal problems, such as poverty, inequality, injustice

Imperialism

The policy of extending a nations power and influence, often through territorial expansion, economic dominance, or political control over other nations

Spanish American War

A brief but significant conflict between the United states and Spain, primarily over Cuba, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico

Great Migration

A massive movement of African Americans from the south to the north, Midwest, and west

Nativism

A policy of protecting the interests of native born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants

Harlem Renaissance

A vibrant cultural movement, African Americans celebrated their identity

Limited welfare state

A system where the government provides some social support and safety nets for citizens, but the responsibility for individual well being is not solely the government’s

New Deal

Programs aimed to provide relief, recovery, and reform

Isolationism

A policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries

Postwar and diplomacy

The big three meet at yalta conference(Stalin, Churchill, and Roosevelt)

Cold War

A period of geopolitical tension between U.S. and Soviet Union