engels grammaire unit 1 en 2 en 3 en 5 en 6

Past Simple

Positive: I walked to school yesterday.
Negative: I didn’t eat breakfast.
Question: Did you watch the movie last night?

past continuous

 Positive: She was reading a book.
Negative: He wasn’t listening to the teacher.
Question: Were they playing outside?

past perfect

 Positive: I had finished my homework before dinner.
Negative: She hadn’t seen the email.
Question: Had you called him before he arrived?

past perfect continuous

 Positive: They had been studying all morning.
Negative: He hadn’t been sleeping well.
Question: Had she been waiting long?

present perfect

Positive: I have visited London.

Negative: She hasn’t finished her homework.

Question: Have you seen this movie?

gerund form and exceptions

the gerund

= the ing-form of a verb, except for when it is : 

• used as an adjective : The running water

• not the only verb in the time e.g : 

She is running  | Present Continuous
He was talking  | Past Continuous
They will be coming  | Future Continuous
I have been working  | Present Perfect Continuous
She had been waiting  | Past Perfect Continuous
He will have been studying  | Future Perfect Continuous

Alliteration

words next to each other start with the sound ( big brown )

rhyme

words ending with the same sound (e.g., cat / hat)

repitition

repeating words or phrases (e.g., never, never give up)

simile

comparison using “like” or “as” (e.g., as brave as a lion)

metaphor

comparison without “like” (e.g., time is a thief)

assonance

repeating vowel or consonant sounds (e.g., fleet feet sweep)

hyperbole

exaggeration (e.g., I’m so hungry I could eat a horse)

defining relative clause

• essential information 

• no commas

‘that’ can replace who, which or whom ! or where !

non-defining relative caluse

• not essential information ( can be left out ) 

• between commas

• ‘that’ cannot be used

  • all of/many of/… or “which” if it can replace all the information in the previous part of the sentence e.g : I loved it, which was weird

certainty in present

• must ( near certainty  )

• can’t/cannot ( impossible ) 

  • will ( probability )

certainty in past

• must have 

• can’t/cannot have

  • couldn’t have

uncertainty present

• could

• may (not) ( possibility that is likely to come true ) 

  • might (not) ( possibility that is unlikely to come true ) 

uncertainty past

• could have

• may (not) have

  • might (not) have

futur simple

spontaneous decision, prediction, promise

I’ll help you. / It will rain.

futur continuous

Something will be going on in the future.

I’ll be studying at 8. / They will be waiting.

going to +infinitive

1. → plan of voorspelling met bewijs
   We’re going to visit London. / Look! It’s going to rain.
   
   

present continuous

→ vaste plannen/afspraken
I’m meeting him tomorrow.

present simple

 roosters en schema’s
The train leaves at 10.

futur perfect

1. → iets zal voltooid zijn in de toekomst
   We will have finished by July.
   
   

future perfect continuous

Something will have been going on until a certain moment.
They will have been working for hours.