BACTERIAL CELL STRUCTURE

spherical bacterium

cocci

cocci that divide and remain in pairs

diplococci

cocci that divide on 1 plane to form chains

streptococci

cocci that divide in random planes making grape-like clusters

staphylococci

cocci that divides in 2 planes forming a square of 4 cocci

tetrads

cocci that divide in 3 planes making cubic packet of 8 cocci

sarcina

bacterium that are shaped like rods

bacilli

short and wide bacilli

coccobacilli

bacilli that divide and remain in pairs

diplo bacilli

bacilli that divide on 1 plane to form chains

streptobacilli

bacilli that divide on irregular planes

palisades

what type of shape do cells want

high SA/Volume ratio

what does high SA/Volume ratio allow cells to do?

increases efficiency and nutrient uptake

why would some cells have a large size and odd shape?

to protect themselves from predation

what part of the plasma membrane interact with water?

hydrophilic head

what part of the plasma membrane cannot interact with water

hydrophobic tails

what do membrane proteins do for the cell?

transport, cell signaling, enzymatic activity, and cell recognition

moves substances down their concentration gradient without ATP

passive transport

uses membrane proteins and ATP to move substances against the gradient

active transport

does the lipid bilayer form spontaneously or nonspontaneously?

spontaneously

what hydrophobic molecule on the plasma membrane distorts the bilayer to shape the membrane region

hopanoids

what do hopanoids form

functional membrane microdomains

T or F: a nucleoid is a true nucleus

False

do nucleoids have a membrane

no

where are chromosomes and associated proteins in a nucleoid

cytoplasm

extrachromosomal DNA that is usually small, closed circular DNA molecules

plasmids

do plasmids replicate dependently or independently rom a cell’s chromosomal DNA

independently

the region where a plasmid integrates into a chromosome

episome

what can plasmids carry?

genes that have selective advantage (antibiotic resistance)

where is the site of protein synthesis

ribosomes

How many ribosomes do bacterial and archaeal cells contain

70S

how many ribosomes do SMALL bacterial ribosomal RNA (rRNA) contain

16S

how many ribosomes do LARGE bacterial ribosomal RNA (rRNA) contain

23S

short, thin, hairlike, protein appendages on cells to allow the cell to stick to surfaces

fimbriae/fimbria

long, thick, less numerous hairs that are genetically encoded on plasmids

sex pili

what are sex pilis used for

conjugation (sharing DNA)

threadlike, locomotor appendages sticking outward from plasma membrane and cell wall

flagella

function of flagella

motility

one flagellum

monotrichous

flagellum at the end of a cell

polar flagellum

one flagellum at each end of cell

amphitrichous

cluster of flagella at one or both ends

lophotrichous

flagellum spread over entire surface of the cell

peritrichous

how many rotations do flagellums make

110 revolutions/sec

what direction do flagellum rotate to move forwards

counter clockwise