Animal Evolution and Classification

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Flashcards covering key terms and definitions related to animal evolution and classification.

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22 Terms

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Monophyletic

A group of organisms that consists of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants.

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Diploblasts

Animals with two germ layers: ectoderm and endoderm.

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Triploblasts

Animals with three germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.

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Ecdysozoa

A major group of animals characterized by molting.

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Protostomes

Organisms where the mouth develops first during embryonic development.

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Deuterostomes

Organisms where the anus develops first during embryonic development.

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Hydrostatic Skeleton

A structure consisting of a fluid-filled cavity surrounded by muscles in some invertebrates.

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Exoskeleton

A hard external skeleton that provides structure and protection to some animals.

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Internal Skeleton

A skeletal structure located inside the body, typical in vertebrates.

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Cambrian Explosion

A period around 500 million years ago when most major animal phyla appeared in the fossil record.

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Coelom

The body cavity formed during early development, acting as a protective cushion for internal organs.

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Homometabolous Development

A type of development in insects that involves complete metamorphosis.

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Hemimetabolous Development

A type of insect development involving incomplete metamorphosis.

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Saprobes

Organisms that obtain their nutrients from decomposing organic material.

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Choanoflagellates

Unicellular organisms that are the closest living relatives to multicellular animals.

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Bilateral Symmetry

A body plan in which the left and right sides of an organism are mirror images of each other.

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Pentadial Symmetry

A body plan with five-fold symmetry, typical in adult echinoderms.

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Facultatively Sexual

Organisms that can switch between sexual and asexual reproduction.

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Post-anal Tail

A tail that extends beyond the anus, a characteristic of chordates.

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Notochord

A flexible rod that provides support and is a characteristic of chordates.

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Pharyngeal Slits

Developing structures in the pharynx of chordate embryos that become gills or other structures.

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Red Queen Hypothesis

The hypothesis that sexual reproduction provides genetic diversity to help host species escape evolving parasites.