Basic Microbiology - History, Scope, Vaccines, and Microscopy

Fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering key topics from the notes: history, foundational scientists, germ theory, vaccines, and microscopy methods.

Microbiology is the study of organisms and agents too small to be seen with the naked eye (

1 mm

The five major groups of organisms/agents are __.

Bacteria, Algae, Fungi, Viruses, Protozoa

Applied Microbiology includes __, __, __, __, and __.

Medical Microbiology; Public Health Microbiology; Food and Dairy Microbiology; Industrial Microbiology; Microbial Ecology

Spontaneous Generation Theory holds that life emerges from non-living matter and requires a _.

vital force

Francesco Redi (1668) challenged spontaneous generation by showing that __.

life does not arise from non-living matter

Louis Pasteur's curved-neck flask experiments demonstrated that __ containing microorganisms would not enter the broth unless allowed.

dust

John Tyndall demonstrated that __ carries microorganisms.

dust

Ferdinand Cohn discovered the existence of heat-resistant bacterial __.

endospores

Germ Theory of Disease states that diseases are caused by specific agents called __.

germs

Ignaz Semmelweis advocated washing hands with __ between patients to prevent childbirth fever.

chloride of lime

Joseph Lister is known as the Father of __ Surgery.

Antiseptic

Edward Jenner is considered the Father of __.

Immunology

The last smallpox case occurred in Somalia in 1977; the WHO declared smallpox eradicated in __.

1979

Pasteur and co-workers discovered that incubation of cultures for long intervals between transfers caused pathogens to lose their ability to cause disease; this process is called __.

attenuation

Charles Chamberland developed a porcelain bacterial filter used to isolate the first __ studied.

viruses

Paul Ehrlich developed the 606th compound called __ to treat syphilis.

Salvarsan

Alexander Fleming discovered the '__' from Penicillium.

penicillin

Louis Pasteur showed that fermentations are the result of microbial activity and developed the process of __ to preserve wine.

pasteurization

Eduard Buchner demonstrated __ fermentation using extracts from yeast cells.

cell-free

Martinus Beijerinck introduced __ cultures and selective media in environmental microbiology.

enrichment

Sergei Winogradsky contributed to environmental microbiology with the concept of __.

chemolithotrophy

Two main types of electron microscopes are Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and __.

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)