Type Anatomy

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Graphic Arts

27 Terms

1

ascender height

upward part of a letterform (often a vertical stroke) that extends above the x-height and usually above the cap height

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2

Cap height

the height of a typeface's uppercase letters

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3

x-height

the height of the lowercase x measured from the baseline

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4

baseline

an imaginary invisible line upon which letters appear to sit

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5

descender height

a downward vertical stroke that extends below the baseline

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6

Apex

The uppermost connecting point of a letterform where two strokes meet

<p>The uppermost connecting point of a letterform where two strokes meet</p>
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7

serif

a decorative stroke that finishes off the end of a letters stem

(“feet” of the letters)

<p>a decorative stroke that finishes off the end of a letters stem</p><p>(“feet” of the letters)</p>
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8

bowl

The stroke that creates such a space that holds the counter

<p>The stroke that creates such a space that holds the counter</p>
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9

finial

The tapered portion of the end of the stroke of a letter

<p>The tapered portion of the end of the stroke of a letter</p>
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10

counter

empty space within a letter that is generally completely closed off

<p>empty space within a letter that is generally completely closed off</p>
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11

bar

horizontal straight line that’s

<p>horizontal straight line that’s</p>
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12

open-counter

The open space in a fully or partly closed area within a letter

<p>The open space in a fully or partly closed area within a letter</p>
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13

stem

The main (usually vertical) stroke of a letterform

<p>The main (usually vertical) stroke of a letterform</p>
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14

link/neck

The thin line that connects the upper and lower bowls of a lowercase g

<p>The thin line that connects the upper and lower bowls of a lowercase g</p>
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15

loop

In a double-story 'g', the loop is the enclosed or partially enclosed counter below the baseline that is connected to the bowl by a link.

<p>In a double-story &apos;g&apos;, the loop is the enclosed or partially enclosed counter below the baseline that is connected to the bowl by a link.</p>
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16

ear

The small stroke that extends outwards from a lowercase letter

<p>The small stroke that extends outwards from a lowercase letter</p>
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17

shoulder

The curved stroke aiming downward from a stem

(it’s like it’s bringing 2 stems together)

<p>The curved stroke aiming downward from a stem</p><p></p><p>(it’s like it’s bringing 2 stems together)</p>
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18

tail

Descending stroke that is often decorative

<p><em>Descending stroke that is often decorative</em></p>
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19

terminal

the ending of the stroke

<p>the ending of the stroke</p>
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20

bracket

a curved or wedge-like connection between the stem and serif of some fonts

<p>a curved or wedge-like connection between the stem and serif of some fonts</p>
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21

axis

the direction of the stroke in a letterform

<p>the direction of the stroke in a letterform</p>
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22

crossbar

The (usually) horizontal stroke across the middle of the uppercase 'A' and 'H'

<p>The (usually) horizontal stroke across the middle of the uppercase &apos;A&apos; and &apos;H&apos;</p>
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23

tittle/dot

The small distinguishing mark you see over a lowercase i and a lowercase j

<p>The small distinguishing mark you see over a lowercase i and a lowercase j</p>
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24

eye

the closed counter of a lowercase e

<p>the closed counter of a lowercase e</p>
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25

spine

single structure everything is built

  • STRONGEST biggest part of structure

<p>single structure everything is built</p><ul><li><p>STRONGEST biggest part of structure</p></li></ul>
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26

stress

In a curved letter, the place where the thickening of curved strokes starts.

<p>In a curved letter, the place where the thickening of curved strokes starts.</p>
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27

basic structural elements in type

  • Vertical

  • Slanted

  • Horizontal

  • Oval

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