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20 Terms

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U.S. Constitution
The supreme law of the land, at the top of the legal hierarchy.
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Federalism
A system of government where power is divided between national and state governments.
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Expressed Powers
Explicitly listed powers in the U.S. Constitution, mainly found in Article I, Section 8.
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Reserved Powers
Powers not granted to the federal government, reserved for the states under the Tenth Amendment.
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Concurrent Powers
Powers shared by both national and state governments, such as taxation.
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Full Faith and Credit Clause
Requires states to recognize public acts and judicial proceedings of other states.
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Privileges and Immunities Clause
Ensures citizens enjoy the same rights in other states and prohibits discrimination against non-residents.
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Separation of Powers
The division of government responsibilities into distinct branches to prevent the concentration of power.
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Checks and Balances
A system ensuring that each branch of government can check the others, maintaining a balance of power.
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Commerce Clause
Grants Congress the power to regulate commerce with foreign nations, among the states, and with Native American tribes.
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Interstate Commerce Law
Regulates economic activities that cross state lines, governed primarily by the Commerce Clause.
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Judiciary
The judicial branch of government that interprets laws and evaluates constitutionality.
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Legislative Branch
The branch of government that creates laws, composed of Congress.
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Executive Branch
The branch of government responsible for enforcing laws, led by the President.
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Article I of the Constitution
Establishes the Legislative Branch.
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Article II of the Constitution
Establishes the Executive Branch.
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Article III of the Constitution
Establishes the Judiciary.
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Tenth Amendment
Reserves powers not granted to the federal government to the states.
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Wickard v. Filburn
A landmark Supreme Court case affirming Congress's regulatory authority under the Commerce Clause.
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Gonzales v. Raich
A Supreme Court case that expanded federal power under the Commerce Clause.