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Bid-rent theory
A geographical theory that explains how the price and demand for real estate change as the distance from the central business district increases.
Labor intensive
A type of production process that requires a large amount of labor to produce goods or services.
Factory farming
A system of large-scale industrial agriculture that emphasizes the mass production of livestock, poultry, and crops.
Aquaculture (aquafarming)
The farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, mollusks, crustaceans, and aquatic plants.
Double cropping
The practice of growing two crops in the same field in the same year.
Intercropping (multi-cropping)
The agricultural practice of growing two or more crops in proximity.
Monoculture
The agricultural practice of growing a single crop over a wide area.
Monocropping
The agricultural practice of planting the same crop in the same location in successive seasons.
Feedlots
An intensive animal farming operation for finishing livestock, notably beef cattle, prior to slaughter.
Agribusiness
The business of agricultural production, including farming, seed supply, farming machinery, distribution, and retailing.
Vertical integration
A business strategy where a company controls multiple levels of production or supply chain.
Economies of scale
Cost advantages that enterprises obtain due to their scale of operation, with cost per unit of output generally decreasing with increasing scale.
Carrying capacity
The maximum number of individuals of a species that an environment can sustain without significant negative impacts.
Cool chains
A supply chain that maintains a low temperature throughout the storage and transportation of products.
Location theory
A field of economic geography that seeks to explain the spatial distribution of economic activities.
Von Thunen theory
A model that explains agricultural land use patterns by distance from a market.
Horticulture
The branch of agriculture that deals with the art, science, technology, and business of growing plants.
Bid-price curve (bid-rent curve)
A graphical representation used to illustrate how the price a buyer is willing to pay for land declines as the distance from the market increases.
Free-market economy
An economic system where prices are determined by unrestricted competition between privately owned businesses.
Comparative advantage
The ability of an individual or group to carry out a particular economic activity more efficiently than another activity.
Supply chain
The entire system of production, processing, and distribution of goods from raw material suppliers to end consumers.
Luxury crops
Crops that are not essential for survival but are in demand for their higher value.
Neocolonialism
The practice of using capitalism, globalization, and cultural imperialism to influence a developing country.
Fairtrade movement infrastructure
An organized social movement aiming to help producers in developing countries achieve better trading conditions.
Desertification
The process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture.
Terrace farming
An ancient farming system that is still used in various parts of the world, involving creating 'steps' on a hillside.
Irrigation
The artificial application of water to land to assist in the production of crops.
Deforestation
The large-scale removal of trees from forested areas, resulting in loss of trees and wildlife habitat.
Blue revolution
The period of significant growth in aquatic agriculture, particularly in fish production.
Value-added farming
Farming that enhances a product's value, typically through processing or branding.
Food insecurity
A situation where people lack reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food.
Food desert
An area with limited access to affordable and nutritious food, predominantly found in lower-income neighborhoods.
Gender inequality
The unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender.
Gender-specific obstacles
Challenges that affect individuals differently based on their gender, often leading to disparities in opportunity and treatment.
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