Chapter 21 Homework: Blood Vessel and Circulation

What is the pump that provides the major force for moving blood through blood vessels?

Heart

Name the type of vessel that carries blood from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart.

Pulmonary Vessel

Arteries, capillaries, and veins are types of blood _______

Vessels

Name the tunics of blood vessel walls.

Tunica M

Arteries carry blood Blank______ the heart.

Away from

True or false: The underlying function of the circulatory system is to deliver adequate blood flow to tissues to meet their needs.

True

Blood vessels that consist of only a single layer of endothelial cells resting on a basement membrane are ______.

Capillaries

Pulmonary vessels transport blood from the heart through the ______.

Lungs

Place the types of veins through which blood flows from the capillaries to the heart in order. Start with the smallest at the top.

Venules

Small veins

Medium Veins

Large Veins

Which is not a type of blood vessel?

Nerve

Small arteries and arterioles are innervated to a ______ extent than other blood vessel types.

Greater

The outmost layer of a blood vessel wall is the tunica Blank______.

Externa

Blood ejected by the right ventricle and returned to the left atrium flows through the ______ circuit of the circulation.

Pulmonary

The blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are

Arteies

Systemic circulation begins at the heart when the ______ ventricle ejects blood into the aorta.

Left

Describe the structure of capillaries.

Single layer of simple squamous endothelium resting on a basement membrane

Starting at the left ventricle list the segments of the aorta in order.

ascending aorta, arch, thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta

Venules collect blood directly from ______.

Capillaries

Name the arteries that branch off of the ascending aorta.

Coronary Arteries

Sympathetic stimulation of vascular smooth muscle causes ______ while parasympathetic stimulation of vascular smooth muscle of the penis and clitoris causes ______.

vasoconstriction, vasodilation

The right subclavian artery branches directly off the ______.

brachiocephalic artery

Deoxygenated blood is carried to the lungs via pulmonary ______. Oxygenated blood is carried from the lungs to the heart via pulmonary ______.

Arteries: Vein

The order of arteries carrying blood to the arm is ______.

subclavian to axillary to brachial arteries

The system of vessels that carries blood from the left ventricle to the body and back to the right atrium is called ______ circulation.

Systemic

Arterial blood supply to the structures of the chest cavity arises from ______.

Thoracic Aorta

True or False: The only branches of the ascending aorta are the coronary arteries.

True

Shortly after leaving the aortic arch, the brachiocephalic trunk branches to form the ______. 

• right common carotid artery

• right subclavian artery

The ______ divides into the right and left common iliac arteries.

Abdominal Aorta

The subclavian artery delivers blood directly to the ______ artery.

Axillary

The blood vessel indicated in the figure of the leg is the ______ artery.

Common Iliac

Blood supply to organs of the thoracic cavity comes from branches of the _____-aorta.

Thoracic or descending

Indicate the veins carrying blood into the right atrium. 

• Coronary sinus

• Superior vena cava

• Inferior vena cava

The three unpaired arteries arising from the abdominal aorta are the ______.

celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery

Name the arteries that branch off of the ascending aorta.

Coronary Artery

Cardiac veins carry blood from the walls of the ______.

Heart

At what level does the abdominal aorta divide into two common iliac arteries?

5th lumbar vertebra

The vein indicated in this figure of the head is the Blank______ vein.

Internal Jugular Vein

The blood vessel indicated by the arrow in the figure of the leg is the common _____ artery

Iliac

The vein of the arm designated by the letter A in this figure is the ______ vein.

Cephalic

What type of blood is carried by the vena cavae to the right atrium?

Deoxygenated

The vein of the thoracic cavity indicated in this figure is the____vein

Azygos

Choose the three unpaired arteries that arise from the abdominal aorta.

• Celiac trunk

• Superior mesenteric artery

• Inferior mesenteric artery

Name the veins that merge to form the common iliac vein.

External iliac and internal iliac

The vessels that transport blood from the walls of the heart to the coronary sinus and right atrium are called____veins

Coronary

The popliteal vein continues as the ____ vein in the thigh

Femoral

The neck vein indicated in the illustration of the head is the ______ vein.

External Jugular Vein

True or False: The brachial veins are medial to the cephalic vein.

True

Normal blood flow through healthy, unbranched vessels is usually ______, while ______ blood flow can occur through abnormally constricted vessels.

laminar, turbulent

The azygos vein drains blood directly into the ______.

Superior Vena Cava

What is blood pressure?

A measure of the force that the blood exerts against a vessel wall

The internal and external iliac veins merge to form the___iliac vein

common

Choose the two variables that will increase blood flow.

• Increased pressure difference (P1-P2)

• Decreased resistance (R)

In the lower limb, the ______ vein becomes the femoral vein.

Popliteal

What is an aneurysm?

An area of arterial wall that has weakened and formed a bulge

The vein of the neck indicated by the letter A in this figure is the ____ jugular vein

Internal

Blood vessels with small compliance stretch______ easily.

less

How would you describe the streamlined movement of blood through a vessel?

Laminal Flow

he cross-sectional area of all capillaries is ______ than the cross-sectional area of the aorta.

greater

The force that the blood exerts against a vessel wall is called ______.

Blood Pressure

The greater the resistance in a blood vessel, the more rapidly the blood pressure ______ as blood flows through it.

Decreases

The term ______ includes any opposition to blood flow.

Resistance

Heart rate can be determined by taking a ______.

pulse

An area of arterial wall that has weakened and forms a bulge is called a(n)

aneurysm

During capillary exchange, in the arterial end of the capillary there is a net movement of fluid ______ the capillaries and at the venous end of the capillary there is a net movement of fluid ______ the capillaries

Out of; Into

he tendency for the volume of a blood vessel to increase as the blood pressure increases is known as______. It is a measure of how easily the vessel wall stretches

Compliance

A factor that influences blood flow in veins is ______.

Blood Volume

The segment of the circulation that has the greatest total cross-sectional area is/are ______.

Capillaires

The compliance of veins is ______ than the compliance of arteries.

Greater

True or false: As blood flows from the aorta through the capillaries and veins to the right atrium, the blood pressure drops. This pressure drop is due to a decrease in blood volume.

False

The pulse is used to determine

Heart Rate

Mechanisms that regulate blood flow through tissues include local control,_____ control and _____control.

Nerve and hormonal

At the ______ end of capillaries, capillary exchange results in net filtration of fluid.

Arterial

Venous blood flow affects cardiovascular functioning by affecting ______.

Preload

Indicate the processes used to adjust blood flow to local tissues. 

• Adjustment of the precapillary sphincters to the capillary beds in the tissue

• Adjustment of the arteriolar diameter leading to the tissue

Explain the drop in blood pressure that occurs when one goes from lying down to standing up.

Venous compliance allows blood to pool in the legs, decreasing venous return. This causes a drop in cardiac output and blood pressure.

True or false: Neural regulation of blood flow through tissues is primarily the function of the sympathetic nervous system.

True

The greater the resistance in a blood vessel, the more rapidly the blood pressure ______ as blood flows through it.

Decreases

As one ages, mean arterial pressure ______

Increases

The nervous system ______ blood flow through tissues.

Helps to control

During capillary exchange there is a net movement of fluid into the capillaries at the ______ end of the capillary and a net movement of fluid out of the capillaries at the ______ end of the capillary.

Venous; Arterial

The adrenal medullary mechanism is an example of a ______-term mechanism controlling blood pressure.

Multiple choice question.

short

Short

Indicate what changes are made in order to regulate the amount of blood flow to a tissue.

Adjustment of arteriolar diameter and capillary sphincters

The conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I is catalyzed by the enzyme ______.

Renin

Which system regulates control of blood flow throughout the body?

Sympathetic

The ______ is slightly less than the average of systolic and diastolic pressures.

Mean Arterial Pressure

Name the mechanisms which control blood flow through tissues.

• Hormonal control

• Local control

• Nervous control

Neural and hormonal mechanisms are involved in the ______-term regulation of blood pressure.

Short

The hormone ______ is released by cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus.

Renin