Unit 9-- Kohlberg's theory of Moral Development

Lawrence Kohlberg

moral development; presented boys moral dilemmas and studied their responses and reasoning processes in making moral decisions. Most famous moral dilemma is "Heinz" who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he steal the medication and why?

Kohlberg level 1- Preconventional morality

Informed by direct consequences to self. No internalized right/wrong.

Stage 1: Obedience and punishment: "How can I avoid punishment" Stage 2: Self-interest orientation: "What's in it for me?"

Kholberg Level 2 - Conventional morality

(most adolescents and adults), we begin to internalize the moral standards of valued adult role models.

Authority is internalized but not questioned and reasoning is based on the norms of the group to which the person belongs.

• Stage 3. Good Interpersonal Relationships. The child/individual is good in order to be seen as being a good person by others. Therefore, answers are related to the approval of others.

• Stage 4. Maintaining the Social Order. The child/individual becomes aware of the wider rules of society so judgments concern obeying rules in order to uphold the law and to avoid guilt.

Kohlberg level 3

Morality judged by internal guidelines. Rules are useful but malleable guidelines.

Stage 5: Social contract orientation: Social contract that can be changed for greater good. "Greatest good for the greatest number"

Stage 6: Universal ethical principles. Morality is based on abstract reasoning using universal moral reasoning. Laws are valid if grounded in justice.