DAT Booster Practice Exam Questions

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Which of the following will occur when a red blood cell is placed in a dish of pure water that has been distilled of all solutes?

Burst

A Significant spike in which hormone causes ovulation?

LH

Adaptive radiation is best described as

The emergence of multiple lineages from a single ancestral species

The Majority of energy in an ecosystem is lost due to

Heat loss

Adipose Tissue would be classified as which of the follow tissue types?

Connective Tissue

Which of the following is true regarding enzymes

They do not change the equilibrium point of a reaction.

The blood vessels in the body that carry the largest pressure are

Arteries

Moths in a forest can have a range of colors from pure white to pure black and any shade in between. Most moths in the forest are an intermediate shade of gray, but one year after a logging company begins to destroy the forest, most moths are either very light or very dark. Which form of natural selection took place?

Disruptive Selection

The cortical reaction directly function by

Formation of an impenetrable fertilization membrane.

The coupling of proton transfer across a membrane with the transfer of electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors using redox reaction occurs in

Electron transport chain

___________ is not a component of blood

Podocytes

Which of the following is an example of vestigial structure

Appendix

Which of the following anatomic structures is the lower border of the thoracic cavity?

Diaphragm

Photosynthesis is a process that is required for the sustainability of all life on earth. What are the products of the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

NADPH, ATP, and O2

A marine biologist discovers an organism is the ocean with the following characteristics: bilateral symmetry, body segmentation, and multiple pairs of jointed appendages. Which of the following animal phyla would this organism best be categorized as?

Arthropoda

What is the correct order of the stages in pre-embryonic development?

Zygote, Cleavage, morula, blastocyst, implantation

What is the most likely type of inheritance for the pedigree shown below?

Autosomal Recessive

Which of the following DNA sequences has the highest melting point when bonded to its complementary stand?

TGCAGGCTAC

*Look for the most G and C to answer this question

DNA fragments produced by restriction enzymes can be separated from one another using

Gel Electrophoresis

Which structures primary function is the movement of water throughout plants?

Xylem

The extinction of a certain species can disturb an ecosystem and lead to other organisms being harmed. Which of the following organisms would have the most significant impact on an ecosystem upon removal?

Keystone Species

Where in the cell does Beta-Oxidation occur?

Mitochondria

Osteoporosis is a disease that causes excessive bone resorption in individuals suffering from it. This excessive bone resorption can lead to

Increased circulation calcium levels

If an organism DNA contains 30% Thymine, what percentage of Guanine would be present in its DNA?

20%

A newborn duck first sees a cat after it is born and follows it, recognizing it as its mother. What animal behavior is the newborn duck exhibiting?

Imprinting

If an individual can no longer chemically modify their waste and synthesize bile, they may have a defect in which of the following organs?

Liver

In a population of mice, the color varies between dark fur (Dominant) and light fur (recessive). The frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype is 16%. Assuming the population is in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, which of the following would be allele frequency of the dominant (Dark Fur) allele in the mice population?

0.6

A student wishes to conduct an experiment where he leaves two identical plates of yeast growing in a sugar solution. He seals one of the plates and incubates both plates overnight. Which of the following substances would be found in the sealed plate but not in the open plate?

Ethanol

During the process of gastrulation, which structure is formed even in the most primitive organisms?

Gut Tube

Which of the following binds to an enzyme location that is NOT the active site to decrease enzyme activity?

Non-competitive inhibitor

Organism can only convert energy from one form into another according to the first law of thermodynamics. Which of the following would be ultimate source of energy for all living organisms?

Light energy from the sun

A breeder attempts to cross an alpaca with a llama for thicker wool and finds that the hybrid offspring can rarely live for more than a few days. Which of the following best describes what this outcome probably resulted from?

Postzygotic reproductive isolation

A scientist discovers a new species capable of surviving in dry environments with low water supply. This species produces highly concentrated urine. Which of the following structures would the organism possess that explain this?

Longer loops of Henle

Which of the following statements best describes the process of gametogenesis?

Primary oocytes undergo prophase 1 of meiosis in the ovary and complete meiosis 1 in adults after puberty

Which of the following processes are topoisomerases involved in?

Transcription

Which of the following direct (non-tropic) hormones has a function that increases the rate if metabolism?

Thyroxine

Which of the following uses peristaltic action muscle movement?

Small intestine

What is the deepest layer of the epidermis that attaches to the basement membrane?

stratum basale

Which microbial process is responsible for the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen N2 into ammonia NH3 and ammonium NH4

Nitrogen Fixation

Which of the following is common between the formation of both glycosidic bonds and phosphodiester linkages

Formation of a water molecule

All of the following changes in a protein occur as a result of denaturation except one. Which one is the exception?

Loss of primary structure

Which germ layer forms most of the peripheral nervous system?

Ectoderm

DNA is not composed of what type of bond?

disulfide bonds

Identify the function of the structure indicated in the image below

Contraction

Which of the following layers covers the surface of cortical bone?

Periosteum

Which one of the following phyla are deuterostomes?

Echinodermata

All of the following organelles are correctly associated with a structure or function except one

Incorrect

Nucleolus-tRNA

Correct

Golgi apparatus-protein packaging

Lysosomes-autophagy

Mitochondria-Beta oxidation

Peroxisome-detox

A student begins wearing reading glasses but eventually forgets that he is wearing them over the course of a year. What is this an example of?

Habituation

The secretion of which hormone would be expected to decrease following surgical removal of the posterior pituitary gland?

Vasopressin

A man and a woman have normal skin color but both have one parent with albinism, which is caused by an autosomal recessive allele. If the couple intends on having 2 children, which of the following is the probability that both children will have albinism?

1/16

1/4 x 1/4= 1/16

Down syndrome is a condition caused where nondisjunction occurs in meiosis 1. Which of the following gametes would be produced from this condition ?

Two gametes will lack chromosome #21 and two would have a extra copy

Which of the following produces a hormone responsible for decreasing blood calcium levels?

C- cells

Based on the image below, what would be expected in the resulting gametes?

One gamete will have an extra copy of the purple chromosome and one gamete will have no copy of the purple chromosome

The role of the collecting duct in the urinary system involves

Sodium reabsorption in response to aldosterone

Which is true of the hardy-weinberg principle?

Genetic equilibrium requires lack of evolution

The immune system is used to help the body fight off infections from foreign invaders. What cells are the first to attack foreign infectious agents?

Neutrophils

What biome has the most diversity of living organism?

Tropical Rain forest

Which of the following describes a gastrula in embryonic development?

Embryo consisting of three germ layers

What is the best measure of fitness?

number of fertile offspring an individual produces

In organisms such as birds and reptiles the yolk sac contains nourishing yolk. however, in humans the yolk sac serves a different purpose. Which of the following is it purpose in humans?

First site of red blood synthesis

Sarcomeres are made up of all of the following components except one. Which one is the exception?

Intermediate filaments

In a nerve cell experiment, no matter how strong of a stimulus is provided to the cell during the segment on the graph labeled B, another action potential cannot be initiated. During the period on the graph labeled C, another action potential can be initiated but a stronger than usual stimulus is required. The letters B and C correspond to which two concepts respectively?

Absolute refractory period, relative refractory period

A defect in what structure of a plant would prevent an ovule from being produced?

Pistil

What process is involved in polymerase chain reaction?

DNA replication

The blood type that has the lowest chance of causing a transfusion reaction when donated is

Type O

An earthquake demolishes a rabbit population and the remaining population has shorter ears on average than the initial population. If short ears is genetically determined, what has the rabbit population experienced?

Population bottleneck

Which of the following triggers menstruation?

decrease in estrogen and progesterone levels

Which of the following is true regarding the modern cell theory?

All cells have the same basic chemical composition

Failure to produce bile would result in an inability to properly process which of the following substances?

Fat

Which of the following occurs during the formation of a peptide bond?

Production of H2O

All of the following are components of the ear except one.

Not a component

Ciliary body

Components

Pinna

Malleus

Cochlea

Tympanic Membrane

A blood bank accidentally mislabels all of the blood sent to a hospital. Individuals of which blood type would be unaffected no matter which type of blood they are given?

AB +

Which embryonic layer forms the notochord?

mesoderm

The weight of newborns in a population was observed over time. Initially, the majority of babies were either very heavy or very light. Over time, the mean of the newborn weight did not change but less heavy and light babies were born. Which form of natural selection took place?

stabilizing

Which type of genetic material is made in the nucleolus

rRNA

During embryonic development, what develops directly above the notochord ?

Neural Tube

Dragonfly larvae eat mosquito larvae, and mosquito larvae eat algae. What organism would be the primary consumer?

Mosquito larvae

Which of the following innervates the sinoatrial node and decreases heart rate?

Parasympathetic vagus nerve

What graphical representation shows the accumulation of biomass at each trophic level in an ecosystem?

Ecological Pyramid

The pancreas releases enzymes used in digestion. Which of the following pancreatic enzymes is used to cleave peptide chains?

Trypsin

Which of the following would be present in both a virus and E coli Bacteria?

Nucleic Acids

Which of the following is organism were the first to produce oxygen on earth?

Cyanobacteria

A bird defect is discovered that causes abnormalities in the circulatory system. Which of the following germ layers may have caused this defect?

Mesoderm

A child pricks his finger with a thorn which breaks into the dermis layer of the skin. Which of the following can be found in this layer with the most abundance?

Connective tissue

Rank the following genetic components from smallest to largest

I. Nucleus

II. Chromosome

III. Cytosine

IV. Gene

III, IV, II, I

Which of the following structures would fail to develop properly if the ectoderm were damaged during gastrulation?

Sympathetic Ganglia

E. coli are bacteria found in the lower intestine of warm blooded organisms. Under oxygen deprived conditions, these organism will carry out which of the following processes?

Glycolysis and fermentation

If two plants are crossed with the following genotype: AaBbCcDd x AaBbCCDd. Assuming the independent assortment if all genes, which of the following is the probability of obtaining a plant with the genotype AaBbCcDD from this cross?

1/32

1/2 x 1/2 x 1/2 x 1/4= 1/32

Which of the following occurs during S phase?

DNA replication

Which of the following organelles would you expect to find in a prokaryotic cell?

Ribosome

Which of the following ions are regulated by the sarcoplasmic reticulum of striated muscles cells?

Calcium ions

Which of the following structures lining the respiratory system is responsible for clearing debris and pathogens from the airway?

Cilia

Which of the following correctly describes the state of a neuron at the start of depolarization as shown by the arrow?

Na channels are opened K channels are closed

Which of the following areas of the brain is incorrectly associated with its function?

Incorrectly associated

Limbic system: eye hand coordination

Correct functions

Cerebellum: motor control and balance

Medulla: Breathing and heart rate

Occipital lobe: Visual processing

Amygdala: memory consolidation

When a shark bites off the arm of a scuba diver, what is the sequence of layers its teeth pass through?

Scuba suit → epidermis → dermis → hypodermis → muscle → bone

Which of the following has the least direct effect on the SA node of the heart?

Centeal nervous system

Which of the following would be effect of a decrease in aldosterone on the distal convoluting tubule and collecting duct?

Increase in the amount of water in filtrate

Which of the following events is found in meiosis but NOT in mitosis?

Homologous chromosomes pairing

Which of the following best describes yeast?

a type of fungi

What is the most common neurotransmitter in the muscular system?

Acetylcholine