Mahler (Object Relations)

Normal symbiotic phase

1-5 mos.

Fused identity w/ caregiver (no sense of individuality)

Separation-individuation phase (5-24 mos)

-5-24+ mos.

-Consists of 4 phases:

-Differentiation (5-9 mos)

- Practicing (9-15 mos)

-Rapproachment (15-24 mos)

Object Constancy (24+ mos)

Differentiation

-5 to 9 months

-Child separates from caregiver - has growing awareness of distinct identity

*Phase 1 of separation-individuation

Practicing

-9 to 15 months

-Child explores environment, w/ caregiver as secure base

*Phase 2 of separation-individuation

-Rapproachment

-15 to 24 months

-Child experiences desire for independence, but also need for caregiver support - leads to ambivalence

*Phase 3 of separation-individuation

Object constancy

-24 months and beyond

-Child develops ability to internalize caregiver's image & support, even in their absence

*Phase 4 of separation-individuation