Ap world test

Sufis

A very important Muslim missionary group.

Caliphate

Territory under the authority of a political and religious leader (Islam)

Jizya

A tax levied on non -muslims in the caliphate (Ex- Christians and Jews.)

House of Wisdom

A space used for translating Greek/Roman texts to preserve them.

Arabic Numerals

Used to calculate large sums.

Algebra

Became possible with Arabic numbers

1258

Decline caused externally my the Mongols pushing across Asia and capturing Baghdad in 1258.

Reconquista of Spain

Ferdinand and Isabella expelled Jewish and Muslim populations and promoted Roman catholicism. Happened in 1492.

Sultan

Muslim political rulers who did not claim leadership over the Muslim community.

Delhi Sultans

Turkic origins. They conquered Northern india. They brought Islam to South Asia (Sharia law and Jizya.) Ruled as sultans and were key in protecting India from the Mongols.

Sultante

A form of Islamic government led by a sultan, often ruling a territory through a combination of religious and political authority.

Monasticism

Feudalism

Decentralized political and social organization of medieval Europe. Developed due to the need for protection as invaders (vikings) raided Europe. Kings granted fiefs (estates of land) to lords. Knights fought for lords in exchange for land. Peasants farmed lords land for military protection.

Manorialism

Economic system that supported feudalism. Manor- large fief or estate. Operated as self sufficient units and was rural. Peasants (free) and serfs (coerced labor associated with feudalism worked the land owned by lords. Three field system increased crop output.

Little Ice Age

Lower temperatures around 1300. Reduced agricultural output, undernourishment = susceptibility to disease.

Shoguns

Military rulers, dictatorial. Political power was wielded by them.