Bio 1134 Lab Practical 2

What are the key characteristics of the Phylum Porifera?

1) No organs or tissues
2) No apparent symmetry
3) 3 functional layers in "vase" organization
4) Built with loosely organized assemblage of several types of interacting tissues

Name an organism from the Phylum Porifera

Ocean Sponge

What are the key characteristics of the Phylum Cnidaria?

1) Diplomatic body
2) Only two embryonic tissue layers
3) Single opening leading to gastrovascular cavity
4) Lives in both fresh water and salt water
5) Radial symmetry

Name organism from the Phylum Cnidaria

Jellyfish

What are the key characteristics of the Phylum Mollusca?

1) Unsegmented
2) Bilateral symmetry
3) Share four common features: foot

Name three classes under the Phylum Mollusca

1) Cephalopoda
2) Gastropoda
3) Bivalvia

What are the key characteristics of the Class Cephalopoda?

1) Most complex brain of any invertebrate
2) Head and foot are merged and surrounded by a ring of tentacles

Name two organisms from the Class Cephalopoda

Squids and Octopuses

What is the key characteristic of the Class Gastropoda?

1) Single spiraled shell in which the head and foot can be withdrawn

(slugs

Name two organisms from the Class Gastropoda

Snails and Slugs

What is the key characteristic of the Class Bivalvia?

1) Has two shells that surround the body and are joined at the back

Name two organisms from the Class Bivalvia

Clams and Mussels

What are key characteristics of the Phylum Arthropoda

1) Highly segmented
2) Obvious exoskeleton
3) Open circulatory system
4) Sets of jointed appendages

Name four classes under the Phylum Arthropoda

1) Chelicerata
2) Myriapoda
3) Hexapoda
4) Crustacea

What are the key characteristics of the Class Chelicerata?

1) Typically has eight legs
2) Has appendages called chelicerae that have modifications for feeding or to deliver venom

Name two organisms from the Class Chelicerata

Spiders and Horseshoe Crabs

What is the key characteristic of the Class Myriapoda?

1) Has many body segments with either one or two legs per segment

Name two organisms from the Class Myriapoda

Centipedes and Millipedes

What is the key characteristic of the Class Hexapoda?

1) Six legs on the thorax

(Some have evolved flight)

What organisms come from the class Hexapoda?

Insects

What are the key characteristics of the Class Crustacea?

1) Biramous appendages
2) Primarily aquatic

Name two organisms from the Class Crustacea

Lobsters and Shrimp

What are the key characteristics of the Phylum Chordata?

1) Bilateral symmetry
2) Segmented
3) Closed circulatory system
4) Share four common features: dorsal hollow nerve cord

Name three subphylum under the Phylum Chordata

1) Tunicata
2) Cephalochordata
3) Craniata/Vertebrata

What are the key characteristics of the Subphylum Tunicata?

1) Larvae appear "chordate-like"
2) Has a notochord
3) Adults have soft gelatinous bodies and two siphons used to filter the water column

Name two organisms from the Subphylum Tunicata

Sea Squirts and Sea Salps

What are the key characteristics of the Subphylum Cephalochordata?

1) Has a notochord
2) Has a dorsal hollow nerve cord
3) Pharyngeal Gill Slits

Name an organism from the Subphylum Cephalochordata

Lancelets

What are the key characteristics of the Subphylum Craniata/Vertebrata?

1) Possesses either a cranium or vertebrae
2) Has a central nervous system
3) Has dorsal hollow nerve cord
4) Has notochord

What superclass is under the Subphylum Craniata/Vertebrata?

1) Agnatha

What is the key characteristic of the Superclass Agnatha?

1) Jawless Vertebrates

What classes are under the Superclass Agnatha?

1) Myxini
2) Petromyzontida

What are the key characteristics of the Class Myxini?

1) Partial cranium
2) No vertebrae
3) Secretes slime

Name an organism from the Class Myxini

Hagfish

What are the key characteristics of the Class Petromyzontida?

1) No vertebrae
2) Has notochord

Name an organism from the Class Petromyzontida

Lamprey

Name a Infraphylum under the Subphylum Craniata/Vertebrata

Gnathostomata

What is the key characteristic of the Infraphylum Gnathostomata?

1) Jawed Vertebrates

Name one class under the Infraphylum Gnathostomata

1) Chondrichthyes

What is the key characteristic of the Class Chondrichthyes?

1) Skeleton primarily composed of cartilage

Name two organisms from the Class Chondrichthyes

Sharks and Rays

Name two superclasses under the Infraphylum Gnathostomata

1) Osteichthyes
2) Tetrapoda

What is the key characteristic of the Superclass Osteichthyes?

1) They are bony fish

Name two classes under the Superclass Osteichthyes

1) Actinopterygii
2) Sarcpterygii

What is the key characteristic of the Class Actinopterygii?

1) Ray-finned fish

Name two organisms from the Class Actinopterygii

Anglerfish and Catfish

What is the key characteristic of the Class Sarcpterygii?

1) Lobe-finned fish

Name two organisms from the Class Sarcpterygii

Lungfish and Coelacanth

What is the key characteristic of the Superclass Tetrapoda?

1) Four-limbed organisms

Name three classes under the Superclass Tetrapoda

1) Amphibia
2) Reptilia
3) Mammalia

What are the key characteristics of the Class Amphibia?

1) Lay anamniotic eggs
2) Cold-blooded
3) Smooth skin

Name two organisms from the Class Amphibia

Frogs and Salamanders

What are the key characteristics of the Class Reptilia?

1) Dry

Name two organisms from the Class Reptilia

Lizards and Snakes

(Birds are classified as reptiles due to their feathers originating from scales)

What are the key characteristics of the Class Mammalia?

1) Has hair or fur
2) Has horns or antlers
3) Mammary glands

What three things are classified under the Class Mammalia?

1) Monotremes
2) Marsupials
3) Placentals

What two subclasses are under the Class Mammalia?

1) Prototheria
2) Theria

What are the key characteristics of the Subclass Prototheria?

1) Primitive
2) Mammary glands without nipples
3) No external ear

Name two organisms from the Subclass Prototheria

Platypus and Echidnas

What is the key characteristic of the Subclass Theria?

1) Gives live birth

Name two infraclasses under the Subclass Theria

1) Metatheria
2) Eutheria

What are the key characteristics of the Infraclass Metatheria?

1) Gives live birth
2) Young live in pouch until they fully develop
3) Marsupial mammals

Name two organisms from the Infraclass Metatheria

Kangaroos and Wombats

What are the key characteristics of the Infraclass Eutheria?

1) Gives live birth
2) Young are born fully physically developed
3) Placental mammals

Name two organisms from the Infraclass Eutheria

Humans and Elephants

What plants belongs to the Division Marchantiophyta?

Liverworts

What are the key characteristics of Liverworts?

1) Simple

What plants belongs to the Division Bryophyta?

True Mosses

What mosses are considered true mosses?

1) Peat Mosses (Sphagopsida)
2) Granite Mosses (Andreaeopsida)
3) True Mosses (Bryopsida)

What are the key characteristics of Moss?

1) Does not have true roots
2) Has stems and leaves
3) Non-flowering plant that produces spores

What plants belong to the Division Lycophyta?

Lycophytes

What are the key characteristics of Lycophytes?

1) Leaves have a single unbranched vein of vascular tissue
2) Seedless
3) Vascular

What classes are under the Division Lycophyta?

1) Lycopodiopsida
2) Selaginellopsida

What plants belong to the Class Lycopodiopsida?

Club Mosses

What are the key characteristics of club mosses?

1) Typically a low-growing terrestrial plant
2) Simple branching stem that spreads by rhizome
3) Has rudimentary roots
4) Small

What plants belong to the Class Selaginellopsida?

Spike Mosses

What are the key characteristics of spike mosses?

1) Branching rhizome
2) Most live in tropics

What is they key characteristic of the Division Polypodiophyta?

1) All members produce megaphylls
2) Plants do not have true roots

What classes are under the Division Polypodiophyta?

1) Psilotopsida
2) Equisetopsida
3) Polypodiopsida

What are the key characteristics of the Class Psilotopsida?

1) Simple body
2) Has small scale-like leaves
3) Stem branches off into two smaller stems
4) No root

What plants belong to the Class Psilotopsida?

Whisk ferns

What are key characteristics of the Class Equisetopsida?

1) Perennials
2) Grow in moist areas and along waterways
3) Ridged stem
4) Small

What plants belong to the Class Equisetopsida?

Horsetails

What are the key characteristics of the Class Polypodiopsida?

1) Typically grow horizontally as rhizomes
2) Young fronds form fiddleheads
3) Produce spores in sporangia on the undersurface of fronds
4) Particularly common in tropical areas

What plants belong to the Class Polypodiopsida?

True ferns

What are Spermatophytes?

Seed plants

What are the key characteristics of seed plants?

1) Seeds and pollen are produced in cones
2) Sperm cells are encased in pollen grains
3) Evolved due to seeds and pollen

What groups are classified under Spermatophytes?

1) Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

What are the key characteristics of Gymnosperms?

1) Seed-producing vascular plants
2) Seeds and pollens are produced in cones
3) All gymnosperms are woody perennials
4) Most are evergreen

What divisions belong to Gymnosperms?

1) Pinophyta
2) Cycadophyta
3) Ginkgophyta

What are the key characteristics of the Division Pinophyta?

1) Produce evergreen

What plants belong to the Division Pinophyta?

Conifers

What are the key characteristics of the Division Cycadophyta?

1) Produce large leaves that are mistaken for palms
2) Pollinated by insects

What plants belong to the Division Cycadophyta?

Cycads

What are the key characteristics of the Division Ginkgophyta?

1) Deciduous

What plants belong to the Division Ginkgophyta?

Ginkgos

What division belongs to Angiosperms?

1) Magnoliophyta

What are the key characteristics of the Division Magnoliophyta?

1) Monophyletic group
2) Has flowers that produce seed-enclosed fruits
3) Flowers are arranged into four parts that are arranged into four groups called whorls

What are the groups belonging to the Division Magnoliophyta?

1) Basal angiosperms
2) Eudicots
3) Monocots

What are the key characteristics of Eudicots?

1) Known as true dicots
2) Has three openings in their pollen grain walls
3) Parts of the different floral whorls are typically in multiples of four or five

(four-merous and five-merous)