MUSTS for Bio EOC

What is the main function of the reproductive system?

To produce offspring and ensure the continuation of the species.

What is the main function of the reproductive system?

To produce offspring and ensure the continuation of the species.

What is the main function of the immune system?

The primary function of the immune system is to protect the body from harmful substances, pathogens, and diseases.

What is the main function of the vascular system?

The vascular system's main function is to transport blood, oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste throughout the body.

What is the function of the ovaries?

Ovaries produce eggs and hormones like estrogen and progesterone.

What is the function of the fallopian tubes?

The fallopian tubes transport the egg from the ovary to the uterus and are the site of fertilization.

What is the function of the uterus?

The uterus provides a nurturing environment for the developing fetus during pregnancy.

What is the function of the vagina?

The vagina connects the uterus to the outside of the body and serves as the birth canal.

What is the function of the testes?

Testes produce sperm and testosterone.

What is the function of the epididymis?

The epididymis stores and matures sperm.

What is the function of the vas deferens?

The vas deferens transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts.

What is the function of the prostate gland?

The prostate gland secretes fluid that nourishes and protects sperm.

What is the function of the penis?

The penis is the organ for sexual intercourse and urination.

What is the first step in the reproductive process?

The process begins with ovulation, where an egg is released from the ovary.

What is the second step in the reproductive process?

Sperm fertilizes the egg in the fallopian tube.

What is the third step in the reproductive process?

The fertilized egg (zygote) travels to the uterus.

What is the fourth step in the reproductive process?

The zygote implants in the uterine wall.

What is the fifth step in the reproductive process?

The development of the embryo and subsequent fetus occurs over the course of pregnancy.

What is the immune system?

The body's defense system against pathogens and harmful substances.

What are immune cells?

White blood cells that recognize and neutralize pathogens. (Lymphocytes, Phagocytes)

What are lymphoid organs?

Organs (thymus, spleen, lymph nodes) that support immune function.

What are barrier defenses?

Physical (skin, mucous) and chemical (enzymes, acids) barriers that prevent pathogen entry.

What is innate immunity?

Rapid, non-specific response to infection involving inflammation and fever.

What is adaptive immunity?

Slower, specific response involving antibodies and cell-mediated immunity, tailored to the specific pathogen.

What is humoral immunity?

B cells produce antibodies that neutralize pathogens in the blood and tissues.

What is cell-mediated immunity?

T cells directly kill infected cells or activate other immune cells to fight infection.

What are antigens?

Foreign molecules that trigger an immune response.

What are antibodies?

Proteins produced by B cells that bind to antigens, neutralizing them or marking them for destruction. (IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD)

What is active immunity?

Immunity acquired through exposure to an antigen, either through infection or vaccination.

What is passive immunity?

Immunity acquired through the transfer of antibodies from one individual to another, such as from mother to fetus.

What are allergies?

An inappropriate immune response to harmless substances, such as pollen or food.

What is an autoimmune disease?

A disorder in which the immune system attacks the body's own tissues.

What is immunodeficiency?

A condition in which the immune system is weakened, making the individual susceptible to opportunistic infections.

What is the first step of the immune response?

Begins with the recognition of a pathogen by immune cells.

What is the second step of the immune response?

Immune cells release chemical signals (cytokines) to coordinate the response.

What is the third step of the immune response?

Innate immune responses are activated, leading to inflammation and fever.

What is the fourth step of the immune response?

Adaptive immune responses are initiated, involving B cells and T cells.

What is the fifth step of the immune response?

Pathogens are neutralized and eliminated from the body.

What is the sixth step of the immune response?

Memory cells are generated, providing long-term immunity.

What is the vascular system?

Network of blood vessels that transport blood throughout the body.

What is the function of the heart?

Pump that circulates blood.

What are arteries?

Vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

What are capillaries?

Smallest blood vessels where gas exchange occurs.

What are veins?

Vessels that carry blood back to the heart.

What is plasma?

Liquid component of blood.

What are erythrocytes?

Red blood cells, carry oxygen.

What are leukocytes?

White blood cells, fight infection.

What are thrombocytes?

Cell fragments, aid in clotting.

What is blood pressure?

The force of blood against artery walls.

What is atherosclerosis?

Hardening of the arteries.

What is hypertension?

High blood pressure.

What is the first step of the vascular system?

Begins with the heart pumping blood into arteries.

What is the second step of the vascular system?

Blood travels through arteries to capillaries, where oxygen and nutrients are delivered to tissues.

What is the third step of the vascular system?

Blood returns to the heart through veins, carrying waste products and carbon dioxide.

What is the fourth step of the vascular system?

The cycle repeats continuously to maintain oxygen and nutrient supply to the body.

What is photosynthesis?

Process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose.

What are chloroplasts?

Organelles in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs.

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

6CO2 + 6H2O + Light Energy \rightarrow C6H{12}O6 + 6O2

What is cellular respiration?

Process by which cells break down glucose to produce energy in the form of ATP.

What is the mitochondria?

Organelles in cells where cellular respiration occurs.

What is the equation for cellular respiration?

C6H{12}O6 + 6O2 \rightarrow 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

What is DNA replication?

Process by which DNA makes copies of itself.

What is DNA helicase?

Enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix.

What is DNA polymerase?

Enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands.

What changes occur during the first trimester of pregnancy?

The first trimester involves rapid cell division and differentiation.

What changes occur during the second trimester of pregnancy?

The second trimester involves growth and development of organs and systems.

The

What is the main function of the reproductive system?

To produce offspring and ensure the continuation of the species.

What is the main function of the immune system?

The primary function of the immune system is to protect the body from harmful substances, pathogens, and diseases.

What is the main function of the vascular system?

The vascular system's main function is to transport blood, oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste throughout the body.

What is the function of the ovaries?

Ovaries produce eggs and hormones like estrogen and progesterone.

What is the function of the fallopian tubes?

The fallopian tubes transport the egg from the ovary to the uterus and are the site of fertilization.

What is the function of the uterus?

The uterus provides a nurturing environment for the developing fetus during pregnancy.

What is the function of the vagina?

The vagina connects the uterus to the outside of the body and serves as the birth canal.

What is the function of the testes?

Testes produce sperm and testosterone.

What is the function of the epididymis?

The epididymis stores and matures sperm.

What is the function of the vas deferens?

The vas deferens transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts.

What is the function of the prostate gland?

The prostate gland secretes fluid that nourishes and protects sperm.

What is the function of the penis?

The penis is the organ for sexual intercourse and urination.

What is the first step in the reproductive process?

The process begins with ovulation, where an egg is released from the ovary.

What is the second step in the reproductive process?

Sperm fertilizes the egg in the fallopian tube.

What is the third step in the reproductive process?

The fertilized egg (zygote) travels to the uterus.

What is the fourth step in the reproductive process?

The zygote implants in the uterine wall.

What is the fifth step in the reproductive process?

The development of the embryo and subsequent fetus occurs over the course of pregnancy.

What is the immune system?

The body's defense system against pathogens and harmful substances.

What are immune cells?

White blood cells that recognize and neutralize pathogens. (Lymphocytes, Phagocytes)

What are lymphoid organs?

Organs (thymus, spleen, lymph nodes) that support immune function.

What are barrier defenses?

Physical (skin, mucous) and chemical (enzymes, acids) barriers that prevent pathogen entry.

What is innate immunity?

Rapid, non-specific response to infection involving inflammation and fever.

What is adaptive immunity?

Slower, specific response involving antibodies and cell-mediated immunity, tailored to the specific pathogen.

What is humoral immunity?

B cells produce antibodies that neutralize pathogens in the blood and tissues.

What is cell-mediated immunity?

T cells directly kill infected cells or activate other immune cells to fight infection.

What are antigens?

Foreign molecules that trigger an immune response.

What are antibodies?

Proteins produced by B cells that bind to antigens, neutralizing them or marking them for destruction. (IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD)

What is active immunity?

Immunity acquired through exposure to an antigen, either through infection or vaccination.

What is passive immunity?

Immunity acquired through the transfer of antibodies from one individual to another, such as from mother to fetus.

What are allergies?

An inappropriate immune response to harmless substances, such as pollen or food.