Dispute Resolution and Crisis Management

Flashcards testing vocabulary and key terms related to crisis management, intelligence types, terrorism classifications, and historical/legal details from the lecture notes.

Crisis

An overwhelming reaction to a threatening situation in which an individual's usual problem solving skills and coping responses are inadequate for maintaining psychological equilibrium.

Krisis

The Greek word meaning 'to separate', from which the word 'crisis' is derived.

Critical Incident

An event out of the range of normal experience that is sudden and unexpected, involves the perception of a threat to life, and can include elements of physical and emotional loss.

Manmade Crisis

Crises caused by human action, such as public rallies, hostage situations, barricade situations, demolitions, bomb threats, kidnapping operations, and fire rebellion.

Natural Crisis (Force Majeure)

Crises caused by nature, such as earthquakes, typhoons, tsunamis, and storm surges.

Developmental Crisis

A type of crisis that occurs in response to a transition from one stage of maturation to another in a life cycle.

Situational Crisis

A type of crisis that occurs in response to a sudden, unexpected event in an individual's life around experiences of loss.

Adventitious Crisis

A type of crisis that occurs in response to a severe trauma or natural crisis.

Prediction (4P Model)

The stage of crisis management involving the foretelling of the likelihood of crises occurring through continuous assessment of threats and analysis of developing events.

Prevention (4P Model)

The stage of crisis management that involves the institution of passive and active security measures as well as the solution of destabilizing factors and security flaws.

Preparation (4P Model)

The stage of crisis management that entails planning, organizing, training, and stockpiling of equipment and supplies needed for crises.

Performance-Reactive Phase

The stage of crisis management involving the actual execution or implementation of any contingency plan when a crisis situation occurs.

Initial Action

The part of the Performance-Reactive Phase that includes monitoring incident progress, securing the scene, protecting the unit, establishing perimeter security, and evacuating civilians.

Action Phase

The part of the Performance-Reactive Phase consisting of two distinct activities: negotiation and tactical action/intervention under the control of the On-Scene Commander.

Post Action Phase

The stage beginning when perpetrators surrender, are captured, or neutralized, ensuring activities are undertaken to restore normalcy and bring responsible parties to court.

Intelligence

In crisis management, this involves the collection, evaluation, processing, updating, and dissemination of information obtained from all possible sources.

Strategic Intelligence

Intelligence focused on international threat groups, their leaders, background, financing, methods, state support, and likely targets.

Tactical Intelligence

Intelligence focused on local or operating threat groups, gathered from sources such as police, military, captured members, and concerned citizens.

Operational Intelligence

Specific intelligence needed for a specific incident, including details on threat groups, hostages, weapons, site building plans, and weather data.

Threat Analysis

The process by which AFP/PNP units identify a threat, its nature, characteristics, operational capabilities, targets, and vulnerabilities to prevent it from becoming reality.

Terrorism

The use of intentionally indiscriminate violence or threat of violence against civilians to instill fear, terror, or panic in order to achieve political, religious, financial, or ideological aims.

Terrere

The Latin origin of the word 'terror', meaning 'to frighten'.

Republic Act No. 9372

Also known as the 'Human Security Act of 2007', approved on March 6, 2007, and effective May 15, 2007, enacted to secure the state and protect people from terrorism.

Republic Act No. 11479

Also known as 'The Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020', approved on July 3, 2020, which repealed Republic Act No. 9372 to prevent, prohibit, and penalize terrorism.

Organized Crime Group (OCG)

A group composed of 3 or more persons operating as a non-ideological enterprise using violence, force, and intimidation.

Amateur Bomber

A type of bomber whose activities can be described as experiments.

Professional Bomber

A bomber who builds bombs or executes bombings for profit.

Psychopathic Bomber

A bomber who acts without rhyme or reason.

Suicidal Bomber

A bomber who uses self-sacrifice as a major attack weapon, particularly among Islamic terrorist groups.

Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)

A term used to describe a massive weapon with the capacity to indiscriminately kill large numbers of people.

Ethnocentric Terrorism

A category of terrorism where groups see race as the defining characteristic of society and aim to establish a dominant or superior race.

Nationalistic Terrorism

Terrorism expressed through the creation of a new nation or splitting away part of an existing state to join another sharing the perceived national identity.

Revolutionary Terrorism

Terrorism dedicated to the overthrow of an established order and replacing it with a new political or social structure.

Political Terrorism

Terrorism concerned with the structure and organization of the forms of government and communities.

Religious Terrorism

Terrorism motivated by religious goals that extremists view as holy writ, infallible, and non-negotiable.

Social Terrorism

Single-issue or special-interest terrorism stemming from contentious social policies, such as animal rights, abortion, ecology, or minority rights.

International Terrorism

A form of terrorism in which the scope of operations involves citizens or the territory of more than one country.

Domestic Terrorism

A form of terrorism in which persons commit terrorist acts in their own country.

Al Qaeda

An organization founded by Osama Bin Laden in the 1980s whose name in Arabic means 'The Base', 'the Foundation', or 'the Fundament'.

Operation Neptune Spear

The military operation conducted in Pakistan on May 2, 2011, in which Osama Bin Laden was killed.

ISIS (ISIL)

Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (or Levant), a Sunni jihadist group claiming religious authority over all Muslims, inspired by and later expelled from Al Qaeda.

Genocide

The intentional destruction of a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group of people.

Massacre

The mass killing of people without selection.

Target Hardening

The first tier of the government's defense system, envisioned through education, information dissemination, and studying criminal modus operandi.

Incident Management (Defense Tier)

The third tier of the defense system where crimes affecting national security are managed to lessen community impact and prevent recurrence.