apush time period 2

King Philip's War

1675 - A series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wampanoags, led by a chief known as King Philip. The war was started when the Massachusetts government tried to assert court jurisdiction over the local Indians. The colonists won with the help of the Mohawks, and this victory opened up additional Indian lands for expansion.

Enlightenment

A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions.

John Locke

English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience, established oligarchy political system

Montesquieu

French political philosopher who advocated the separation of executive, legislative, and judicial powers

Voltaire

(1694-1778) French philosopher. He believed that freedom of speech was the best weapon against bad government. He also spoke out against the corruption of the French government, and the intolerance of the Catholic Church.

Act of Uniformity

act of parliament that reasserted the book of common prayer with some catholic alterations as the chief book of the anglican church

Massachusetts Bay Colony

1629 - King Charles gave the Puritans a right to settle and govern a colony in the Massachusetts Bay area. The colony established political freedom and a representative government.

John Winthrop

led the Puritans to establish the Massachusetts Bay Colony as a "model of a united Christian community"

Pennsylvania Colony

Colony formed from the "Holy Experiment"; settled by Quakers. Founded by William Penn, who bought land from the Native Americans. Allowed religious freedom

William Penn

A Quaker that founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution.

House of Burgesses

first representative body in colonial America, had the power to levy taxes and form a militia

Oligarchy

A government ruled by a few powerful people

Board of Trustees

a group of people elected at large to administer the laws in a village or small town

John Rolfe

He was one of the English settlers at Jamestown (and he married Pocahontas). He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful colony.

Puritans

A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay.

Pilgrims

English Puritans who founded Plymouth colony in 1620. Wanted to separate from Anglican Church.

Quakers

English dissenters who broke from Church of England, preached a doctrine of pacificism, inner divinity, and social equity.

Benign Neglect

English policy of leaving colonies alone as long as they were making money --\> colonists became more independent and gained experience in self-government

Natural Rights

the idea that all humans are born with rights, which include the right to life, liberty, and property

consent of the governed

The idea that government derives its authority by sanction of the people.

Constitution

A written plan of government

joint-stock company

A company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company's profits and debts.

Indentured Servants

Colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years