Animal Anatomy: Digestive System

Name the four layers that make up the wall of the digestive tract.

tunica mucosa, tunica submucosa, tunica muscularis, and tunica serosa

What structures separates oral cavity from nasal cavity?

the soft and hard palates

Which breeds of dogs and cats are more prone to have elongated soft palate?

brachycephalic breeds

Name the structure of tongue that connects the ventral part of the tongue to the floor of the mouth cavity

frenulum

List all the papillae found on the tongue.

filiform, fungiform, vallate, and foliate papillae

Name the papillae that contain the taste buds.

fungiform, vallate, and foliate papillae

Name the shiny and hardest substance of the tooth that makes the outer covering of crown.

enamel

Name the main substance of tooth that is very sensitive to heat and cold.

dentine

What is the main function of the periodontal ligaments?

to hold the loose tooth firm in the bony socket

What is the dental formula for dogs?

2 [I 3/3, C 1/1, PM 4/4, M 2/3]

What is the dental formula for cats?

2 [I 3/3, C 1/1, PM 3/2, M 1/1]

Name the structure that replaces the incisors in the upper jaw of ruminants.

fibrous dental pad

At what age the deciduous teeth start erupting in dogs and cats?

2-4 weeks

At what age do dogs and cats have all permanent teeth?

6 months

Which part of the digestive system is the common passage for both food and air?

pharynx

Name the tubes that connect pharynx to the middle ear.

eustachian tubes

Name the organ of digestive system that contains both skeletal and smooth muscles.

esophagus

Name the cranial part of the stomach that receives the esophagus.

cardia

Name the three types of glands found in the stomach of mono-gastric animals.

fundic gland, pyloric gland, and cardiac glands

Which glands of the stomach contain the parietal cells and chief cells?

fundic glands

Name the mucosal folds in the stomach that helps it to expand when full.

transient mucosal folds (rugae)

Name the four compartments of the ruminant's stomach.

rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum

Name the three parts of the ruminant's stomach that are considered the fore-stomach.

rumen, reticulum, omasum

Which part of the ruminant's stomach resembles a "honey comb”?

reticulum

Name the largest compartment of the ruminant's stomach.

rumen

Which part of the ruminant's stomach contains microflora and helps in the fermentation of fibrous food?

rumen

Which part of the ruminant's stomach is considered the true stomach?

abomasum

Name the three parts of the small intestine.

duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

Which part of digestive tract is responsible for digestion and absorption of most nutrients?

small intestine

What is the mesentery?

a peritoneum that supports the intestines and attaches the intestines to the abdominal wall

Which part of the small intestine is highly coiled and make major portion of small intestine?

jejunum

Which part of the small intestine is the last part that is recognized by presence of caudal antimesenteric artery? 

ileum

Name the animal that has a large comma shaped cecum that helps in fermentation of fibrous food.

horse

Name the three segments of the colon.

ascending, traverse, and descending colon

Which animals have spirally arranged colon called the ansa spiralis?

ruminants

Name the major salivary glands in animals.

mandibular, parotid, and lingual salivary glands

Name the additional salivary gland found in the dog.

zygomatic gland

Name the additional salivary gland found in the cat.

molar gland

What are the main functions of the liver?

production, detoxification, storage, and modification

Name the six lobes of the liver in dogs and cats.

left medial, left lateral, right lateral, right medial, quadrate, and caudate lobes

Name the organ that stores the bile before releasing it into duodenum.

the gallbladder

Name the animal that does not have a gall bladder.

horse

Which cells of the liver produce bile?

hepatocytes

Which cells of the liver are responsible for removing dead cells and tissue debris?

Kupffer’s cells

Name the three structures that make the portal triad in liver.

hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile duct

Name the organ/gland that is both endocrine and exocrine in function.

pancreas

Name the enzymes produced by the exocrine part of the pancreas

amylase, lipase, and trypsin

What is the specific name given to the areas that contain endocrine cells in pancreas?

Islets of Langerhans

Which cells of the pancreas produce the hormone insulin?

alpha cells