UPCAT

UPCAT

University of the Philippines College Admission Test, an entrance examination for prospective college students.

Arithmetic

A branch of mathematics dealing with the properties and manipulation of numbers.

Geometry

A branch of mathematics concerned with the properties and relations of points, lines, surfaces, and solids.

Central Tendency

A statistical measure that identifies a single score as representative of an entire distribution.

Probability

A measure of the likelihood that an event will occur.

Algebra

A branch of mathematics involving expressions, equations, and the relationships between quantities.

Biology

The scientific study of life and living organisms.

Chemistry

The science that studies the properties, composition, and structure of substances, and the changes they undergo.

Physics

The natural science that studies matter, its motion and behavior through space and time.

Astronomy

The scientific study of celestial objects, space, and the universe as a whole.

Reading Comprehension

The ability to read text, process it, and understand its meaning.

Trigonometry

A branch of mathematics that deals with the relationships between the sides and angles of triangles.

Logic

The study of reason and argument; includes understanding logical operators and propositions.

Biomolecules

Molecules that are essential to the structure and functioning of living organisms.

Cellular Metabolism

The set of chemical reactions that occur in living organisms to maintain life.

Genetics

The study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.

Ecology

The study of interactions among organisms and their biophysical environment.

Chemical Reactions

Processes in which substances react to form new substances with different properties.

Electricity

The set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of electric charge.

Thermodynamics

The branch of physics that deals with the relationships between heat and other forms of energy.

Etymology

The study of the origin of words and how their meanings have changed throughout history.

Integers

Whole numbers that can be positive, negative, or zero.

Fraction

A numerical quantity that is not a whole number, representing a part of a whole.

Decimal

A fraction expressed in a special form, using a decimal point to separate the whole part from the fractional part.

Exponent

A mathematical notation indicating the number of times a number (the base) is multiplied by itself.

Equation

A statement that the values of two mathematical expressions are equal.

Function

A relation between a set of inputs and a set of permissible outputs, typically defined by an equation.

Graph

A diagram representing data, often showing the relationship between variables.

Linear Equation

An equation that makes a straight line when graphed. It can be expressed in the form y = mx + b.

Quadratic Equation

An equation of the form ax² + bx + c = 0, where a, b, and c are constants.

Factor

A number or algebraic expression that divides another number or expression evenly.

Hypothesis

A proposed explanation for a phenomenon, typically based on limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.

Cell Theory

A fundamental theory in biology stating that all living organisms are composed of cells, and cells are the basic unit of life.

Natural Selection

The process by which organisms that are better adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce more successfully.

Atom

The basic unit of a chemical element, consisting of a nucleus surrounded by electrons.

Molecule

A group of two or more atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound.

Photosynthesis

The process by which green plants and some organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll.

Force

A vector quantity that causes an object to undergo a change in speed, direction, or shape, measured in Newtons.

Energy

The capacity to do work or produce heat, existing in various forms such as kinetic, potential, thermal, and chemical.

Ecology

The branch of biology that studies the interactions of organisms with their environment and each other.

Scientific Method

A systematic approach to investigation that includes observation, hypothesis formulation, experimentation, and conclusion.

What is reading comprehension?

The ability to read text, process it, and understand its meaning.

What are the key components of reading comprehension?

Vocabulary knowledge, background knowledge, fluency, and active engagement.

What is vocabulary knowledge?

Understanding the meanings of words and how they are used in context.

What does background knowledge refer to?

The information and experiences a reader brings to the text that aids understanding.

What is reading fluency?

The ability to read a text smoothly and accurately, which supports comprehension.

How can active engagement enhance reading comprehension?

By prompting readers to think critically about the text and make connections.

What strategies can improve reading comprehension?

Summarizing, questioning, predicting, and clarifying.

What is summarizing in reading comprehension?

The process of condensing the main ideas of a text into a shorter form.

Why is questioning important in reading comprehension?

It helps readers clarify understanding and encourages deeper thinking about the text.

What does predicting involve in reading comprehension?

Making informed guesses about what will happen next in the text based on context.