Comprehensive Guide to Abnormal Psychology and DSM-5 Disorders

Psychological Disorder or Abnormal behavior

A psychological dysfunction within an individual associated with distress or impairment in functioning and response that is not typical or culturally expected.

Psychological dysfunction

A breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning.

Distress or impairment

If the individual is extremely upset.

Atypical or not culturally expected

Violation of social norms.

The 4Ds of Mental Disorders

Deviant, Distress, Dysfunction, Danger.

Deviant

Different, extreme, unusual.

Distress

Unpleasant and upsetting to the person with the disorder.

Dysfunction

Causes interference with the person's daily life.

Danger

Poses risk of harm to themselves or others.

Bulimia nervosa

Eating large amounts of food (binge); purging techniques.

Anorexia

Successful at losing weight; exercise.

Two types of Anorexia

Restricting type and Binge

Binge eating disorder

Binge repeatedly but do not purge.

Bipolar 1

Mania episodes

Bipolar 2

Hypomanic episodes and depressive episodes.

Major Depressive Disorder

The most common and most severe; lasts for at least two weeks; with cognitive symptoms and altered physical functioning.

Mania

Extreme pleasure in every activity; lasts at least 1 week.

Hypomania

Less severe version of mania; needs to last four days.

Cyclothymia

Alternating depressed mood and hypomanic symptoms for at least 2 years.

Dysthymia

Depressed mood for at least 2 years.

Durkheim's type of suicide

Two Factors: Social integration and Social regulation.

Anomic suicide

Too little regulation; norms and values are disrupted by rapid social change.

Fatalistic suicide

Too much regulation; suicide due to pervasive oppression.

Egoistic suicide

Too little social integration; individual insufficiently integrated into social groups.

Altruistic suicide

Too much integration; self

Cotard Syndrome

They believe that they are dead.

Provisional Tic Disorder

Motor and/or vocal tics present for less than one year.

Persistent Tic Disorder

Motor or vocal tics (but not both) present for more than one year.

Tourette's Disorder

Both motor tics and vocal tics present for more than one year.

Delusional Disorder

Persistent belief contrary to reality.

Erotomanic type

They believe that someone they like usually someone of higher status likes them.

Grandiose type

A type of delusional disorder.

Jealous type

Usually seen with people in a relationship.

Persecutory type

A type of delusional disorder.

Somatic type

Delusions about the body.

Mixed type

A type of delusional disorder.

Unspecified type

A type of delusional disorder.

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Uncooperative, defiant, and hostile behavior toward authority figures.

Conduct disorder

Disregard of the rights of others.

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

Severe and recurrent temper tantrums that are inappropriate to the situation.

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Obsessions and compulsions that disrupt daily life.

Obsession

Inclusive and mostly nonsensical thoughts, images, or urges that the individual tries to resist or eliminate.

Compulsions

Thoughts or actions used to suppress the obsession and provide relief.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Preoccupation with some imagined defect in appearance.

Hoarding Disorder

Persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions.

Trichotillomania

Hair pulling disorder.

Excoriation

Skin picking disorder.

Impulse Control Disorder

Disorders characterized by failure to resist a temptation, urge, or impulse.

Kleptomania

Recurrent failure to resist urges to steal objects.

Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Acting out their aggressive impulses.

Pyromania

Irresistible urge to set fire.

Sleep Wake Disorders

Two major categories: Dyssomanias and Parasomnias.

Dyssomanias

Problems with the amount, timing, or quality of sleep.

Parasomnias

Characterized by abnormal behavioral or physiological events that occur during sleep.

Somatic Symptom Disorder

Physical manifestation of the pain, the pain is real and it hurts whether there are clear physical reasons or not.

Illness Anxiety Disorder

Hypochondriasis, severe anxiety on having developed a serious disease.

Conversion Disorder

Functional neurological symptom disorder; physical malfunctioning with no organic cause.

Factitious Disorder

Also called Munchausen syndrome; for primary reason (pity, care).

Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy

Faking sickness on others.

Depersonalization Derealization Disorder

Feelings of unreality are so severe; must not be due to another mental disorder.

Depersonalization

Your perception alters so that you temporarily lose sense of your own reality.

Derealization

Your sense of reality of the external world is lost.

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Presence of at least two clear personality states called ALTERS.

Host personality

The alter that is the primary identity.

Average number of alter personalities

Close to 15

Sensory Memory

Less than a second

Short

term Memory

Long

term Memory

Explicit Memory

Conscious

Declarative Memory

Facts, events

Episodic Memory

Events, experiences

Semantic Memory

Facts, concepts

Implicit Memory

Unconscious

Procedural Memory

Skills, tasks

Dissociative Amnesia

Loss of memory for personal information

Localized Amnesia

During a circumscribed period of time

Selective Amnesia

May recall some, but not all

Generalized Amnesia

Complete loss of memory for one's life history

Systematized Amnesia

For a specific category of information

Continuous Amnesia

Forgets new events as it occurs

Dissociative Fugue

Subtype of dissociative amnesia; memory loss revolves around a specific event

Reactive Attachment Disorder

Very seldom seeks out a caregiver

Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder

No inhibition in approaching adults

Encopresis

Involuntary

Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire

Little or no desire to have sex

Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder

Little or no desire to have sex

Erectile Disorder

Difficult attaining or maintaining erections

Female Orgasmic Disorder

Delayed ejaculation; premature ejaculation

Genito

pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder

Fetishistic Disorder

Sexually attracted to non

Voyeuristic Disorder

Practice of observing to become aroused, an unsuspecting individual

Exhibitionistic Disorder

Achieving sexual arousal by exposing genitals to unsuspecting strangers

Frotteuristic Disorder

Touching or rubbing one's genitals to an unsuspecting person

Transvestic Disorder

Sexual arousal is strongly associated with the act of dressing in clothes of the opposite sex

Paranoid Personality Disorder

Pervasive distrust and suspiciousness

Schizoid Personality Disorder

Detachment from social relationships

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Eccentricities of behavior; with magical thinking

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Disregard of and violation of the rights of others

Borderline Personality Disorder

Instability Personality Disorder; idealization of caregivers; fear of abandonment

Histrionic Personality Disorder

Excessive emotion and attention seeking