ANATOMY EXAM 3 CLINICAL CORRELATES

Shoulder Separation

Acromial head of clavicle disconnected at AC joint; "piano key deformity"

Shoulder Dislocation (Luxation)

articular surfaces of GH joint no longer touching; may be caused by fracture

Shoulder Subluxation

articular surfaces of GH joint still touching but in incorrect positions

Superior Labrum from Anterior to Posterior (SLAP) Injury

tearing of long head of biceps brachii as it passes over the humeral head to attach to superior labrum of glenoid

Winged Scapula

lesion to long thoracic nerve causes serratus anterior to no longer hold scapula against thoracic wall

Pathway of Breast Cancer Metastasis

I. Humeral (arm) nodes, scapular (post. axilla) nodes, or pectoral (chest) nodes

II. Central nodes

III. Apical nodes

IV. Lymphatic trunk

Peau d'Orange

Cancerous breast tissue creates tension on suspensory ligaments, leading to dimpling or "orange peel skin"

Erb's Palsy

- lesion to C5-C6 due to excessive neck stretching

- adducted and medially rotated limb

- slight elbow extension and wrist flexion

- suprascapular, axillary, musculocutaneous, and radial

nerves affected

Klumpke's Palsy

- lesion to C8-T1 due to excessive stretching of upper limb

- "total claw hand" = all MCP joints hyperextended, all IP

joints flexed

- affects ulnar nerve

- inability to abduct or adduct digits

Radial Head Subluxation

- displacement of radial head within annular ligament (torn)

- arm pulled upwards by wrist

- radius no longer articulates with capitulum

- "nursemaid's elbow"

Cubitus Valgus/Varus

- excessive angle at elbow joint

- vaLgus = Laterally

- varus = medially

Cubital Tunnel Syndrome

- compression of ulnar nerve within cubital tunnel

- paresthesia distal to elbow

Colles' Fracture

- distal radius fracture with dorsal displacement

- FOOSH injury

Smith's Fracture

- distal radius fracture with anterior displacement

- FOOSH injury

Scaphoid Necrosis

- complication of FOOSH injury

- fracture of scaphoid bone causes disruption of blood

supply to hand, leading to bone tissue death

Anterior Interosseous Syndrome

- lesion to branch of median nerve

- inability to flex IP joints of 1st and 2nd digits

- "pinch" sign

Tenosynovitis

- inflamed synovial sheath compresses muscle tendon

- "trigger finger"

- tendons become stuck in position

Pyogenic tenosynovitis

- infection of synovial membrane

- often spreads to a digit based on sheath involved

Median nerve palsy

- proximal (above anterior interosseous) or distal (below anterior interosseous)

- hand of benediction (proximal) = digits 2 and 3 don't flex

- "median claw" (distal) = digits 2 and 3 don't extend

Ulnar nerve palsy

- lesion of ulnar nerve at level of nerve

- "ulnar claw hand" = digits 4 +5 don't extend

- inability to abduct or adduct digits