Bio 210 Lab Midterm

Tuberosity

A rough elevated surface that marks the attachment of a ligament or tendon

Tubercle

small rounded projection;

Crest

Narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent

Trochanter

Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process on the femur.

Condyle

Rounded articular projection.

Line

Narrow ridge of bone, less prominant then crest vertically on a long bone or area horizontally on a long bone where a growth plate has closed.

Epicondyle

Raised area on or above a condyle.

Spine

Sharp, slender, often pointed projection.

Process

Any bone prominence.

Head

Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck.

Facet

Smooth, nearly flat articular surface.

Ramus

Armlike bar of bone.

*Groove

Furrow

*Fissure

Irregular elongated hole in a bone

*Foramen

Round or oval opening through a bone.

*Meatus

Canal-like passageway

*canal

canal

*Fossa

Shallow, basin-like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface.

Bone markings

Sites of muscle, ligament and tendon attachment, as joint surfaces, or as conduits for blood vessels and nerves.

types of tissue in bone

osseous, nervous, cartilage fibrous connective tissue, muscle and epithelial in blood vessels

types of bone

compact = dense made up of osteons , rigid outer bone

spongy=porous inner bone, small trabeculae of bone and lots of open space

classifications of bone

long =(humerus, femur, phalanges) more long then wide, shaft with head, mostly compact bone

short= (talas, tarsals, carpals) cube like, more spongy

flat= thin, flat, slightly curved (sternum, scapula, ribs, most skull bones)

irregular= all other shapes (vertebra and pelvic girdle)

Cartilage

Contains no blood vessels or nerves

hyaline= support with flexability- end of bones, costal cartilages, nasal and respirtory cartilages

elastic =flexable - ear and epiglottis

fibrocartilage= highly compressible, great tensile strength - knee menisci, antifretegral discs, pubic syphisis

Perichondrium

Dense irregular connective tissue membrane covering cartilage- delivers nutrients to cartlage via blood vessels

Number of bones in the body

206, 8 cranial ,14 facial

skeletal classification

axial (80) (skull, vertebral, thoracic cage) and appendicular (126) (limbs and girdles)

Sutures of the skull

coronal, sagittal, lamboid, squamous

- membraneous joint where 2 fetal skull bones meet

-facilitate moulding during birth

skull bones

frontal, 2 parietal, occipital, 2 temporal, sphenoid, ethnoid

coronal suture

squamous suture

Name this suture.

lamboid suture

sagittal suture

frontal bone

Parietal Bone

(lateral view)

supraorbital foramen (notch)

parietal bone

zygomatic process

mastoid process

zygomatic process (on temporal bone)

mandibular fossa

jugular foramen

carotid foramen (canal)

external acoustic meatus

occipital bone

foreman magnum

occipital condyles

external occipital protuberance

superior nuchal line

inferior nuchal line

sphenoid bone

optic canal

superior orbital fissure

sella turcica

lesser and greater wings of sphenoid

pterygoid process

ethmoid bone- perpendicular plate

crista galli

cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

olfactory foramina

perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone

middle nasal concha

Mandible

Vomer

Maxilla Bone

palatine bone

nasal bone

lacrimal bone

inferior nasal conchae (2 bones)

Zygomatic bone

mandible angle

mandible ramus

Mandible Body (Mandible)

mental foreman

mandibular foramen

aveolar margin

mandibular condyle

coranoid process

mandibular symphysis

maxilla alveolar margin

infraorbital foramen

palatine process of maxilla

incisive fossa of maxilla

palatine bone

lacrimal fossa

Lacrimal canal

VERTEBRAE - ATLAS (C1)

no body or spinous process

anterior tubercle (point at bottom)

posterior tubercle (point at top)

VERTEBRAE - AXIS (C2)

has "dens" pointing outward

cervical vertebrae (C1-C7)

transverse formina (holes for blood @ nerves)

bifid spinous process

Thoracic Vertebrae (T1-T12)

only vertebrae with demifacets (front of body where rib articulates)

Lumbar Vertebrae (L1-L5)

big body/moose-transverse process straight out

vertabrae body

vertebral arch

vertebrae pedicles

vertebrae lamina

vertebrae foramen

hole for spinal cord

Spinous process of vertebra

transverse process of vertebrae

superior articular process and facet

intervertebral foramen

Sacrum Vertebrae S1-S5