HP.1

age of health osych

4 decades

health psych

study of emotional/cognitive/behavioral factors that reduce or increase the development of physical illness

also

emotional/cognitive/behavioral processes by which people react and cope and adjust to physical illness

lofty missions

use psych knowledge on emotion/thoguht/behavior to prevent physical illness

help with being diagnosed with physical illness

behavioral medicone

development and integration of behavioral and biomedical science

psychosomatic medicine

study and treatment of the comorbid mental and phyisical health diagnosis

• when someone is diagnosed with cardiovascular and anxiety disorder

evidence based medicine

use best evidence to make decisions for care of person

morbidity

number of cases

incidence

number of new cases in a group in a specific time

prevalence

number of cases existing at a particular time

relative risk

I/P in group exposed to risk factor

I or P not exposed to risk factor

attributable risk(difference)

those not exposed to risk factor

major course schema

conversion disorders

disorders with no observable cause

caused from the unconscous

who helped establish psychosomatic medicine

alexander Franz

psychosomatic diseases

physical illness caused by the mind

etiology

origions of disease

how to describe overall health of population

coutning current cases of illness

or

measure rate of new cases

relative risk

ratio of incidence/prevalence of a disease in a group exposed to risk factor

to

to a group not exposed

attributable risk

amount diseaese can be attributed to exposure to particular risk factor

determine attributable risk

subtract incidence rate of who have been exposed from people who havent been exposed

stressor

event that triggers coping adjustment

stress

process by which we perceive and respond to stressors thst we see as threatening

4 major strss conceptualizations

demand resources

adaption

threat

goal interuption

demand resources

not enough time to finish a taks

primary appraisal

is it harmful/threatening/challenge

secondary apprasal

can i cope with this

primary and secondry apraisal determined by

mood and motivations

bodys stress repsonce is same whetehr stressor is real or imaginary

T/F

T

reapprasal

is situation under control now?

transactional model of stress

conservation of resources

when our resourses are taken=stressed

adverce childhood experience prevalence

60% prevalence

adverce childhood experience embedding

before our self concept is developed is chnages our view on

self

others

world/fairness

good cope for short term

bad cope for long term

emotional eating,drug use

adverce childhood experience social embedding

attachment patterns

adverce childhood experience bio embedding

impact nueroendocrine system and brain

glucocortoids

amygdala

emotional regulation and impulse control

glucocorticoids

stress hormone

Biological, psychological, and social embedding patterns are associated with

pain

chronic illness

mortality

social evaluation threat

stressor when someone scared of people think negative of them

job strain model

balance demand of job with contorl of job

effort-reward imbalance model

how much reward are you getting for your effort in a job

major stress conceptualization

pic 1

major stress conceptualization

pic 2

problem focused appraoch

problem solving

problem focused avoidant

distraction

emotion focused appraoch

feel better techniques

yoga n shi

emotion focused avoidant

emotion suppresion

escape w/ substance

meaning focused

why did this happen to em

coping appraoches

appraoch

avoidant

meaning focused

emotional social support

sooth emotional state

informational social support

share info about stressor

tell info describing treatment options

instrumental social support

share resources

hypothesis about social support

direct effect

buffering

direct effect hypothesis

social support protects health during stress and non stress times by enchancing body physical responce to stress

buffering

social support mitigates the impacts of a stressor to help cope effectively

best for hypothesis about social support

better if balanced invisible and matched

matching hypotheiss

social support is only benefical to the extent that it meets individuals specific needs

cognitive stress moderators

perceived control

rumination

perceived control

extent to which we beleive we make our own decisions and determine what we do and what others to to us

external vs internal locus of control

rumination

repetitive focus on the causes/meaning.consequences of stressful expereinces

leads to negative emotion

transactional model proposed by

richard and susan

transactional model os the process that we see stress as

a transaction in which someone must adjust daily

(stimulli&responce)

whats the biggest thing for longvevity

social connection

are risk factors more prevalant than social issues

no

opposite

most common social issues

lonley

fat

live alone

lazy

smokeer

super fat

major stress managment intervention types

cognotove

emotion focused

relaxation based

behavior modification

things that cause adverse childhood expereince

anyhting before 18

seperate kid from parents

mental illness

neglect

in jail

abuse

divorce

stress inoculation(stress vacine)

analyze stressor

practice skills for stress reduction in low stress environment

apply new skills when stressor arises

behavior based stress managment

stress vaccine(inoculation)

cognitive behavioral stress managment

relaxation training

visualization

cognitive restructering

reinforcement

stress health mechanisms

indirect: behavioral

direct: stress physciology and immunosuppresion

stress physiology

immidiete:fight or flight/sympatho-adrenomedullary axis

delayed: hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis respince

fight or flight respince

activation of sympathetic NS

prodcution of epinephrine and norepinephrine

reactivity hypothesis

people w/ large change in BP from fight or flight have increase risk of getting heart disease

precipipating factors

enironment

social status

trauma

predisposing factors

genes

HPA axis

• hypothalamus>pituitary>adrenal>other glands>hormones>body and brain

• Leads to cortisol secretion from adrenal glands

  • Increase energy and imuinty

lymphocytes

white blood cell produced in blood marrow

search for aliens in blood

phagocytes

kills alien things by eating it

natural killer cells

kill sick cells and kill them with lethal chemicals

t cells

attacks alien things and send signals to rest of immune system

chronic stressor on immune system

reduces natural killer cells

worsens performance of T cells

reduces performance of anti infalmitory repsonce and increase risk for colds

breathing relaxation and guided imagery

breath into stomach

progressive muscle relaxation

reduce muscle tension thru series of tensing and relaxing exersices

mindfulness based stress reduction

structured meditation to promote mindfulness

nonjudgmental awareness

relaxation based techniques

diaphragmatic breatthing relaxation and guided imeragy

progressive muscle relaxation

mindfull based stress reduction

emotional disclosure

activity where people express emotions

expressive writing

how emotional disclosure works

who made progressive muscle relaxation

edmond