CPO2001 Exam 1 Cases

Asymmetric Federalism

A system where power is devolved unequally across the country and its constituent regions.

United Kingdom

Has no written constitution.

Parliamentary System

A legislative-executive system associated with the United Kingdom.

House of Commons

The lower house of the United Kingdom's Parliament.

House of Lords

The upper house of the United Kingdom's Parliament.

Unitary Division of Power

UK's system is characterized as unitary.

Electoral Districts (UK)

Single-member districts with plurality.

Supreme Court (UK)

The chief judicial body of the United Kingdom.

Head of State (UK)

The king, whose position is more ceremonial.

First Past the Post

The voting system used in the UK for the House of Commons.

MP Election Process in the UK

Voters directly elect their local Member of Parliament.

India's Political System Similarity

India's political system is similar to that of the United Kingdom.

India's Constitution

Established India as a federal republic.

State Government in India

Each state has its own elected government consisting of a legislature and a chief minister.

House of the People (India)

The lower house of Indian Parliament, with 545 members, all but two elected by voters.

Council of States (India)

Represents India's 28 states and nine territories, mostly indirectly elected.

Prime Minister of India

Manages the day-to-day affairs of the government; primary source of policy-making and political power.

President's Role in India

Largely symbolic.

Cabinet (UK)

Top members of the UK government who assist the prime minister and run major ministries.

Celtic Fringe

Refers to Scotland and Wales.

Collective Responsibility (UK)

A tradition requiring all cabinet members to support government policy or resign.

Collective Consensus (UK)

Postwar agreement between UK's major parties to build and sustain a welfare state.

Common Law (UK)

Legal system based on local customs and precedent.

Commonwealth (UK)

An organization including the UK and most of its former colonies.

Confederation of British Industry

UK's primary organization representing the private sector.

Crown

British monarchy, head of state.

House of Commons (UK)

The first legislative body of Parliament, whose members are elected.

House of Lords (UK)

The upper house of the British Parliament.

Magna Carta

The royal charter of political rights given to rebellious English barons by King John in 1215.

Majoritarian (UK)

Describes the virtually unchecked power of a parliamentary majority.

Member of Parliament

An individual legislator in the House of Commons.

Parliament (UK)

The lawmaking body of the British government.

Prime Minister (UK)

The head of government.

Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)

The Indian People's Party and a Hindu nationalist party.

Caste (India)

Hindu hereditary social grouping.

Center (India)

Refers to India's national government and its capital in New Delhi.

Chief Minister (India)

Chief executives of federal states, elected by the state legislature.

Council of States (India)

The weaker upper house of Indian Parliament.

Emergency Rule (India)

A law invoked to suspend the constitution by declaring martial law.

Hinduism

India's dominant religious tradition.

Hindutva

Hindu nationalism.

House of the People (India)

The lower and more powerful house of the Indian Parliament.

Indian National Congress

Major Indian political party, originally leading organization of independence movement.

License Raj

India's bureaucratized system governing licenses, permits, and quotas in the economy.

President's Rule (India)

National government control over a state, similar to emergency rule.

Abenomics

Prime Minister Abe's three-pronged economic recovery plan.

Administrative Guidance (Japan)

Extra-legal policy directives from officials to the private sector.

Article 9 (Japan)

Clause requiring Japan to renounce the right to wage war.

Capitalist Developmental State (Japan)

Japan's modern neomercantilist state integrating private property and government intervention.

Diet (Japan)

Japan's bicameral legislature.

House of Councilors

The upper and weaker chamber of Japan's parliament.

Industrial Policy (Japan)

Government measures for promoting economic and industrial development.

Twisted Diet

A situation in Japanese politics where no party controls both chambers.