Ap human geography unit 4

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Balkanization

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57 Terms

1

Balkanization

Process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities

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2

Binational or Multinational State

State that contains more than one nation (usually no one single dominant ethnic group)

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3

Boundary

invisible line that marks the extent of a state's territory

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4

Centripetal Force

An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state

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5

Centrifugal Force

a force that divides people and countries

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6

Cold War

A conflict that was between the US and the Soviet Union. The nations never directly confronted each other on the battlefield but deadly threats went on for years.

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7

Colonies

a group of people who leave their native country to form in a new land a settlement subject to, or connected with, the parent nation.

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8

Compact States

A state in which the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly

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9

Core Area

the portion of a country that contains its economic, political, intellectual, and cultural focus.

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10

Core-Periphery

A model of the spatial structure of development in which underdeveloped countries are defined by their dependence on a developed core region.

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11

Cultural Boundary

an invisible boundary made by the certain cultural beliefs and traits that make the culture

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12

Democratization

the spread of representative government to more countries and the process of making governments more representative

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13

Locational Disputes

Conflict over location, usually associated with physical boundaries.

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14

Territorial Disputes

A disagreement over the possession/control of land between two or more states, or over the possession or control of land

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15

Allocation Disputes

disagreements over the control or use of shared resources, such as boundary rivers or jointly claimed fishing grounds

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16

Operational Disputes

disagreements between neighboring states over policies to be applied to their common border; often induced by differing customs regulations, movement of nomadic groups, or illegal immigration or emigration.

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17

Electoral Geography

The study of the geographical elements of the organization and results of elections.

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18

Elongated States

A state with a long narrow shape

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19

Enclave

A distinct region or community enclosed within a larger territory

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20

Exclave

A part of a country that is separated from the rest of the country and surrounded by foreign territory.

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21

Ethnic Force

where an ethnic group shares a well-developed sense of belonging to the same culture

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22

European Union

An international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members

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23

Federal Systems

government systems that divide the powers between the national government and state or provincial governments

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24

Fragmentation

Adherence to or embracing of regional and even local political authority, economic development, social and cultural associations, ethnic or national divisions.

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25

Fragmented States

A state that includes several discontinuous pieces of territory

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26

Frontier

A zone separating two states in which neither state exercises political control.

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27

Geometric Boundary

Political boundaries that are defined and delimited by straight lines.

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28

Gerrymandering

Process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power.

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29

Geopolitics

An interest in or taking of land for its strategic location or products

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30

Government

the system or form by which a community or other political unit is governed

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31

Heartland Theory

Hypothesis that any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain enough strength to eventually dominate the world.

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32

Imperialism

A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, socially, and economically.

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33

Internal Boundaries

boundaries that divide the interiors of a country into sections

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34

Landlocked States

state surrounded by other land with no direct outlet to the sea

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35

Median-Line Principle

lines made to distribute water ways when states are within 200 miles of each other

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36

Microstate

A state or territory that is small in both size and population.

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37

Minority Districting

rearranging districts to allow a minority representative to be elected

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38

Majority Districting

area in which the majority of the constituents in the district are racial or ethnic minorities. used to sway electoral votes

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39

Nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country

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40

Nation-State

A country who's population share a common identity.

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41

Perforated States

a state that completely surrounds another

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42

Physical Boundary

boundary defined by a physical land mark like a river or a lake

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43

Friedrich Ratzel

father of modern political geography, he created the Organic Theory

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44

Rimland Theory

Nicholas Spykman's theory that the domination of the coastal fringes of Eurasia would provide the base for world conquest.

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45

Security Council

Five permanent members( US, UK, France, China, USSR) with veto power in the UN. Promised to carry out UN decisions with their own forces.

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46

Sovereignty

Ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states.

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47

Stateless Nation

A nationality that is not represented by a state.

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48

State

A politically organized territory that is administered by a sovereign government and is recognized by the international community.

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49

Supranational Organization

Organization of three or more states to promote shared objectives.

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50

Territoriality

In political geography, a country's or more local community's sense of property and attachment toward its territory, as expressed by its determination to keep it inviolable and strongly defended.

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51

Unitary State

A state in which most political power exists at the national level, with limited local authority.

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52

Organic Theory

The view that states resemble biological organisms with life cycles that include stages of youth, maturity, and old age.

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53

Sea Power Theory

Mahan; late 1800s; argued that control of the sea lanes would lead to national strength.

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54

Fortified Boundary

A boundary created by building a physical structure

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55

Irredentism

The policy of a state wishing to incorporate within itself territory inhabited by people who have ethnic or linguistic links with the country but that lies within a neighboring state.

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56

Terrorism

the use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political aims.

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57

Subnational

Derivatives of the federal system. Designated portions of a country

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