Mind as Mosaic Chapter 12: Does the Name Pavlov Ring a Bell?

Vocabulary flashcards from Chapter 12 of 'Mind as Mosaic', covering key concepts related to memory, learning, and cognitive processes.

The mental process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information.

Memory

A sudden awakening of a forgotten memory triggered by a stimulus.

Proust episode

An external factor that elicits a response, including memory recall.

Stimuli

A frustrating feeling of knowing a word but being unable to retrieve it.

Tip of the tongue (TOT) phenomenon

The complex and influential mental operations that occur without conscious awareness.

Freud's unconscious processes

Learning that occurs through the association of two stimuli; pioneered by Ivan Pavlov.

Classical conditioning

The physical representation of a memory in the brain.

Engram

A learned aversion to a particular taste or food after having a negative experience with it.

Taste aversion

A learned reaction to a previously neutral stimulus.

Conditioned response

Learning that occurs based on the consequences of behavior, established by Edward Thorndike.

Operant conditioning

The principle stating that behaviors followed by satisfying outcomes are strengthened.

Law of Effect

Memory of a traumatic event that is unconsciously blocked from recall.

Repressed memories

The part of the brain important for coordination and motor control, involved in classical conditioning of motor responses.

Cerebellum

The brain region associated with emotional learning and responses.

Amygdala

Memory of facts and events that can be consciously recalled.

Declarative memory

Unconscious memory for skills and habits; also known as procedural memory.

Non-declarative memory

A type of declarative memory that involves knowledge of facts and concepts.

Semantic memory

A type of declarative memory that involves personal experiences and specific events.

Episodic memory

A memory that a person believes to be true but is actually distorted or fabricated.

False memory

A process that strengthens the connections between neurons, believed to be important for learning and memory.

Long-term potentiation (LTP)

A process by which exposure to a stimulus influences the response to a subsequent stimulus.

Priming

A mental representation of physical locations used for navigation.

Cognitive map

The initial process of transforming information into a form that can be stored.

Memory encoding

The process of recalling information stored in memory.

Memory retrieval

The phenomenon where exposure to one stimulus influences the response to another stimulus.

Priming

An unusually vivid and detailed recollection of visual images.

Eidetic imagery

A method of enhancing memory by grouping information into manageable units.

Chunking

A neurotransmitter that plays a significant role in motivation, reward, and various cognitive functions.

Dopamine

The process of generating new neurons, especially in the hippocampus.

Neurogenesis

The part of the brain involved in higher-order brain functions, such as sensory perception and cognition.

Neocortex

A condition where a person recognizes someone but believes they are an impostor.

Capgras syndrome

Memory that is stored without conscious awareness or effort.

Subliminal memory

The part of short-term memory that is concerned with immediate conscious perceptual and linguistic processing.

Working memory

Learning that involves making associations between different stimuli.

Associative learning

Interconnected arrays of neurons that coordinate the processing and storage of information.

Neural networks

The ability of synapses to strengthen or weaken over time in response to increases or decreases in activity.

Synaptic plasticity

A process that weakens synaptic connections, believed to help regulate memory.

Long-term depression (LTD)

The inability to recall personal experiences and specific events.

Episodic memory impairment

The total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory.

Cognitive load