Applied Science in Fitness

This set of flashcards covers key terms and concepts related to applied science in fitness focusing on anatomy, the muscular system, and basic nutrition.

Applied Science

The application of scientific principles in practicing relevant fields, such as anatomy, kinesiology, and physiology.

Muscular System

A system made up of the muscles that allow for movement, stabilization of joints, maintenance of posture, and heat production.

Fascia

A thin sheath of connective tissue surrounding muscles, aiding in movement and holding the muscles in place.

Tendons

Strong cords of connective tissue that attach muscles to bones, transmitting the force generated by muscles to create movement.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Consists of the brain and spinal cord, serving as the control center for processing information and sending instructions.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Nerves branching from the spinal cord to the rest of the body, delivering commands from the CNS and relaying sensory information.

Skeletal System

The framework of bones and tissues providing shape, supporting movement, and protecting organs.

Agonist

The primary muscle responsible for creating movement during an action, such as the biceps during a bicep curl.

Antagonist

The muscle that opposes the movement of the agonist, relaxing to allow movement.

Synergist

Muscles that assist the agonist in performing a movement, enhancing the primary action.

Directional Terms

Terms that describe the locations of body structures in relation to other structures, such as anterior, posterior, lateral, and medial.

Joint Types

Different classifications of joints that determine movement capabilities, including hinge, ball-and-socket, pivot, and gliding.

Kinetic Chains

Systems of linked joints and muscles working together to facilitate movement efficiently.

Biomechanics

The study of the mechanical laws relating to the movement or structure of living organisms.

Sliding Filament Theory

The theory explaining how muscles contract at the microscopic level through the sliding of actin and myosin filaments.

Macronutrients

Essential nutrients needed in large amounts, including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Micronutrients

Vitamins and minerals required in smaller amounts for vital body functions.

Ergogenic Aids

Substances used to enhance performance, which can be legal or illegal.

Health History

A detailed record of past injuries, surgeries, conditions, and medications relevant to a client's fitness.

Program Design Principles

Guidelines to create effective training programs tailored to specific fitness goals and individual needs.