Plant Anatomy Flashcards

Flashcards covering plant tissues and structures from lecture notes.

Tissues

Groups of cells with similar origin, function, and structure.

SAM (Shoot Apical Meristem)

Meristematic tissue at the shoot apex.

RAM (Root Apical Meristem)

Meristematic tissue at the root apex.

Axillary bud

Shoot meristematic tissue at the place prior to leaf formation.

Types of Meristem

Apical meristem, lateral meristem, cambium.

Primary Meristematic Tissue

Cells that can show division (primary growth/length).

Secondary Meristematic Tissue

Growth in width (secondary growth). Vascular cambium and cork cambium.

Permanent Tissue Types

Simple permanent tissue and complex permanent tissue.

Simple Permanent Tissue Examples

Parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma.

Complex Permanent Tissue Examples

Xylem, phloem.

Parenchyma

Isodiametric, similar function (photosynthesis, storage), living.

Collenchyma

Provides mechanical support, living cells with protoplasm, and chloroplast may be present.

Sclerenchyma

Dead cells, lignin present, provides mechanical support.

Cell Layers in a Typical Plant Stem

Epidermis, hypodermis, cortex, endodermis, pericycle, pith.

Epidermis

Outermost layer, single-layered continuous layer.

Types of Tissue Systems

Dermal tissue system, ground tissue system, vascular tissue system.

Ground Tissue System

Simple or complex, including parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma.

Dermal Tissue System

Covers the complete plant body (root, stem, leaf).

Cuticle

Present in leaves, stem, and roots to prevent water loss.

Stomata Function

Exchange of gases and water vapor.

Vascular Tissue

Xylem and phloem.

Vascular Bundle Arrangement

Phloem is towards the pith.

Open Vascular Bundles

Cambium present, leading to secondary growth. (Dicots)

Closed Vascular Bundles

Absence of cambium, no secondary growth. (Monocots)

Dicots Characteristics

Two cotyledons, reticulate venation, tap roots.

Monocots Characteristics

Single cotyledon, parallel venation, fibrous roots.

Dicot Root Endodermis

Has suberin coating on tangential and radial walls.

Leaf Mesophyll Types

Palisade mesophyll and spongy mesophyll.