Phases of Cell cycle

“resting phase” of cell cycle and the longest phase

Interphase

Which phase is the longest phase?

Interphase

Phases of interphase

G1, S, G2

period prior to DNA synthesis

G1 (1st gap)

period of actual DNA synthesis

S phase

period after DNA synthesis and the cell is now ready to enter cell division phase

G2

chromosomes thicken and become visible while the nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear

Prophase

chromosomes line up along equatorial plate

Metaphase

chromosomes attach to spindle fibers and move toward opposite poles

Anaphase

each chromatids from separated chromosomes become the chromatids of daughter cells, and the nuclear membrane and nucleolus reappear

Telophase

regulates inflow & outflow  of cytoplasmic substances

Cell membrane aka plasma membrane

contains genetic materials/ DNA in chromosomes, RNA in nucleolus, nuclear sap and nuclear envelope

Nucleus

Fluid that fills cells and holds the internal components of the cell

Cytoplasm

regarded as powerhouse of cell for it produces energy in the form of ATP thru Kreb’s cycle/ citric/ tricarboxylic acid cycle

mitochrondrion (boat/ sausage-shaped)

contain hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes, respectively, for destroying foreign agents (esp in phagocytic cells/ cells capable of engulfing bacteria and viruses)

Lysosome and peroxisome

Lysosome and peroxisome contains which enzyme?

Hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes

For protein synthesis

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

RER is also known as

Granular ER

for lipid, steroid and carbohydrate synthesis

Smooth endo r

SER is also known as

Agranular ER

all products of ER are destined for?

external use

freely suspended in cytoplasm; protein synthesis for internal use (lipoproteins, glycoproteins etc)

Ribosome

Ribosome synthesized what?

Proteins for internal use

packages secretory products of RER & SER prior to release out of cell

golgi apparatus (aka. golgi complex/ golgi body; half moon/crescent-shaped)

paired organelle which migrate to opposite poles during mitosis & meiosis and served to organize and guide the mitotic spindles during cell division processes

Centriole

Centriole is located in the?

centromere

Mitochondrion produces energy in the form of?

ATP

Mitochondrion produces ATP thru?

Kreb’s cycle/citric/tricarboxylix acid cycle