'general' curly arrow mechanism for the electrophilic substitution of benzene using E+ as the electrophil

0.0(0)
Studied by 0 people
call kaiCall Kai
Locked
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
GameKnowt Play
Card Sorting

1/3

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Last updated 12:07 PM on 7/1/26
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced
Call with Kai
Chat

No analytics yet

Send a link to your students to track their progress

4 Terms

1
New cards

what is the “directing effects” in aromatic chemistry?$$

The directing effect is how a substituent already attached to a benzene ring influences where a new substituent is addedduring electrophilic substitution.

<p><span>The </span><strong>directing effect</strong><span> is how a substituent already attached to a benzene ring influences </span><strong>where a new substituent is added</strong><span>during electrophilic substitution.</span></p>
2
New cards
<p>why are -OH and -NH2 2,4- directing?</p>

why are -OH and -NH2 2,4- directing?

  • They donate electron density into the benzene ring through their lone pair.

  • This makes the ring more electron-rich and more reactive.

  • They direct new substituents to the 2 (ortho) and 4 (para) positions.

<ul><li><p>They <strong>donate electron density</strong> into the benzene ring through their lone pair.</p></li><li><p>This makes the ring <strong>more electron-rich</strong> and <strong>more reactive</strong>.</p></li><li><p>They direct new substituents to the <strong>2 (ortho)</strong> and <strong>4 (para)</strong> positions.</p></li></ul><p></p>
3
New cards
<p><span>Why is </span><strong>–NO₂</strong><span> 3-directing?</span></p>

Why is –NO₂ 3-directing?

  • It withdraws electron density from the benzene ring.

  • This makes the ring less electron-rich and less reactive.

  • It directs new substituents to the 3 (meta) position.55

<ul><li><p>It <strong>withdraws electron density</strong> from the benzene ring.</p></li><li><p>This makes the ring <strong>less electron-rich</strong> and <strong>less reactive</strong>.</p></li><li><p>It directs new substituents to the <strong>3 (meta)</strong> position.55</p></li></ul><p></p>
4
New cards

hi

hi